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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 99, Shloka 33

चित्रकूटप्राप्तिः

Bharata Reaches Chitrakuta and Beholds Rama

अधारयद्यो विविधाश्चित्रास्सुमनसस्तदा।सोऽयं जटाभारमिमं वहते राघवः कथम्।।2.99.33।।

adhārayad yo vividhāś citrāḥ sumanasas tadā | so ’yaṃ jaṭā-bhāram imaṃ vahate rāghavaḥ katham ||2.99.33||

He who once wore many kinds of bright flowers—how does this Rāghava now bear the heavy burden of matted locks?

adhārayatwore/bore
adhārayat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√dhṛ (धातु)
FormVerb; Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada
yaḥhe who
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormRelative pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
vividhāḥvarious
vividhāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootvividha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural; adjective to sumanasaḥ
citrāḥbright/variegated
citrāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootcitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural; adjective to sumanasaḥ
sumanasaḥflowers
sumanasaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsumanas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural (Vedic/epic usage; = sumanasaḥ/sumanasaḥ as ‘flowers’)
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
ayamthis (man)
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular
jaṭābhāramthe burden of matted hair
jaṭābhāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjaṭā-bhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: jaṭānāṃ bhāraḥ; Masculine, Accusative, Singular
imamthis
imam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; determiner to jaṭābhāram
vahatebears/carries
vahate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vah (धातु)
FormVerb; Present (लट्), 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
rāghavaḥRaghava (Rama)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
kathamhow?
katham:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; interrogative adverb (प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण)

How is it that Rama who used to wear variegated flowers formerly, now bears these heavy matted locks?

R
Rama (Raghava)
B
Bharata
F
flowers (sumanas)

FAQs

Dharma involves embracing hardship without abandoning righteousness; outward discomfort (jaṭā, austerity) becomes a sign of inner commitment to truth and duty.

Bharata compares Rāma’s former elegant adornment with his present ascetic appearance.

Rāma’s endurance and discipline; Bharata’s tender concern and moral pain.