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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 13

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम्

Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

कुर्वन्ति कुसुमापीडान् शिरस्सु सुरभीनमी। मेघप्रकाशैः फलकैर्दाक्षिणात्या यथा नराः।।2.93.13।।

kurvanti kusumāpīḍān śirassu surabhīn amī | meghaprakāśaiḥ phalakaiḥ dākṣiṇātyā yathā narāḥ ||2.93.13||

These (trees) seem to place fragrant garlands upon their ‘heads’, like southern men who wear bright, cloud-like shields as head-gear.

कुर्वन्तिthey make
कुर्वन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
कुसुमापीडान्flower-crowns/garlands
कुसुमापीडान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकुसुम + आपीड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः: कुसुम-आपीड (तत्पुरुष; ‘flower-garlands/crowns’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन
शिरःसुon (their) heads
शिरःसु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), बहुवचन
सुरभीन्fragrant
सुरभीन्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुरभि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण कुसुमापीडान्
अमीthese (people/ones)
अमी:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (सर्वनाम) कर्तृपद
मेघप्रकाशैःbright like clouds
मेघप्रकाशैः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमेघ + प्रकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः: मेघ-प्रकाश (तत्पुरुष; ‘cloud-bright’); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषण फलकैः
फलकैःwith shields/plates
फलकैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootफलक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन
दाक्षिणात्याःsoutherners
दाक्षिणात्याः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootदाक्षिणात्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; नराः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनाधिकरण
यथाas, like
यथा:
Upamana-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (as, just as)
नराःmen, people
नराः:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)

Like the people of the south, the trees on the mountain ridges with branches, brilliant like clouds, are crowned with fragrant flowers as adornments.

T
trees
S
shields (phalaka)

FAQs

Dharma here is cultural literacy and non-contempt: the simile treats regional custom as a natural point of reference, implying respectful recognition of diverse practices within a shared world.

The narrator continues describing the forest scenery, comparing flower-laden treetops to human adornment and regional attire.

Refined observation and respect for variety—seeing beauty through comparison rather than hostility.