Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 44

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

उभे सन्ध्ये शयानस्य यत्पापं परिकल्प्यते।तच्चपापं भवेत्तस्य यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

ubhe sandhye śayānasya yat pāpaṃ parikalpyate | tac ca pāpaṃ bhavet tasya yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

May the man by whose consent my noble brother went into exile incur that very sin which is assigned to one who sleeps through both twilight junctions (dawn and dusk).

Word by Word

• ubhe: both
• ubhe: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन); qualifies sandhye

• sandhye: twilights (dawn and dusk)
• sandhye: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन)

• śayānasya: of one sleeping
• śayānasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śī (धातु)
• Form: Present middle participle (कृत्: शानच्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); 'of one who is lying/sleeping'

• yat: whatever
• yat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with tat

• pāpam: sin
• pāpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• parikalpyate: is determined
• parikalpyate: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari+klp (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपदम); passive-like sense 'is determined/assigned'

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with yat

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• pāpam: sin
• pāpam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavet: may be/shall be
• bhavet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)

• tasya: for him/of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• anumate: with approval
• anumate: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the extent of demerit fixed for a person, who sleeps at the hour of twilight of dawn and dusk!

Characters & Entities

• Rama (āryaḥ, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is linked to disciplined observance of sacred duties; neglect of sandhyā-time responsibilities symbolizes moral negligence.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata intensifies his denunciation by invoking well-known ritual-moral categories of fault.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Reverence for dharma as lived practice—Bharata’s worldview treats ethical failure as inseparable from neglect of duty.