Previous Verse
Next Verse

Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 67, Shloka 3

अयोध्यायां शोक-रात्रिः तथा अराजक-राष्ट्रस्य नीतिविचारः

The Night of Lamentation in Ayodhya and the Political Ethics of a Kingless Realm

मार्कण्डेयोऽथ मौद्गल्यो वामदेवश्च काश्यपः।कात्यायनो गौतमश्च जाबालिश्च महायशाः।।।।एते द्विजा स्सहामात्यैः पृथग्वा च मुदीरयन्।वसिष्ठमेवाभिमुखाः श्रेष्ठं राजपुरोहितम्।।।।

mārkaṇḍeyo 'tha maudgalyo vāmadevaś ca kāśyapaḥ | kātyāyano gautamaś ca jābāliś ca mahāyaśāḥ ||

ete dvijāḥ sahāmātyaiḥ pṛthag vā ca mudīrayan | vasiṣṭham evābhimukhāḥ śreṣṭhaṃ rājapurohitam ||

Then Mārkaṇḍeya, Maudgalya, Vāmadeva, Kāśyapa, Kātyāyana, Gautama, and the renowned Jābāli—these brahmins, together with the ministers—approached Vasiṣṭha, the foremost royal priest, and voiced their respective views.

mārkaṇḍeyaḥMarkandeya
mārkaṇḍeyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
athaand/then
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya/anuvṛtti-artha particle (indeclinable connective: 'and/then')
maudgalyaḥMaudgalya
maudgalyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmaudgalya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
vāmadevaḥVamadeva
vāmadevaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvāmadeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction 'and')
kāśyapaḥKashyapa
kāśyapaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāśyapa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
kātyāyanaḥKatyayana
kātyāyanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkātyāyana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
gautamaḥGautama
gautamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgautama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction 'and')
jābāliḥJabali
jābāliḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjābāli (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction 'and')
mahāyaśāḥof great renown
mahāyaśāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā-yaśas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya-samāsa: mahā + yaśas (great + fame)
etethese
ete:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन); sarvanāma (pronoun) used adjectivally
dvijāḥbrahmins (twice-born)
dvijāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
sahatogether with
saha:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; sahārtha (prepositional indeclinable 'together with'); governs Tṛtīyā (instrumental)
amātyaiḥwith ministers
amātyaiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeNoun
Rootamātya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Bahuvacana
pṛthakseparately
pṛthak:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpṛthak (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kriyāviśeṣaṇa (adverb: 'separately/individually')
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; vikalpa (disjunctive particle 'or')
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; samuccaya (conjunction 'and')
mudīrayanuttering/expressing
mudīrayan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootud-īr (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kāla kṛdanta; Śatṛ-pratyaya (present active participle/शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; upasarga: mud-/ud- (here: 'utter/express')
vasiṣṭhamVasistha
vasiṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvasiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; avadhāraṇa (emphatic particle 'indeed/only')
abhimukhāḥfacing/towards
abhimukhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of dvijāḥ (facing/towards)
śreṣṭhamthe best/chief
śreṣṭham:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of rājapurohitam/vasiṣṭham
rāja-purohitamthe king's priest
rāja-purohitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan + purohita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: rājñaḥ purohitaḥ (king's priest)

Markandeya, Maudgalya, Kasyapa, Katyayana, Gautama, Jabali of great renown accompanied by ministers and brahmins approached Vasistha, the chief priest of the king and expressed different opinions (on the investiture).

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
V
Vāmadeva
K
Kāśyapa
K
Kātyāyana
G
Gautama
J
Jābāli
V
Vasiṣṭha
A
amātya (ministers)

FAQs

Dharma is approached through deliberation: qualified elders and ministers consult the chief preceptor, showing that righteous action in statecraft should arise from counsel, not impulse.

A council of eminent brahmins and ministers gathers and approaches Vasiṣṭha to present views connected with governance and succession in Ayodhya.

Wisdom through consultation—respect for learned authority (guru/purohita) and collective reasoning in moments of political uncertainty.