Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 53, Shloka 11

पञ्चाशत्तमः सर्गः (Sarga 53)

Rāma’s Lament, Vigil for Sītā, and Lakṣmaṇa’s Consolation

Devanagari script

सुखी बत सभार्यश्च भरतः केकयीसुतः।मुदितान् कोसलानेको यो भोक्ष्यत्यधिराजवत्।।।।

Transliteration

sukhī bata sa-bhāryaś ca bharataḥ kaikeyī-sutaḥ | muditān kosalān eko yo bhokṣyaty adhirāja-vat ||2.53.11||

Translation

Bharata, Kaikeyī’s son—happy, and with his wife—will alone enjoy Kosala, its people rejoicing, like an emperor.

Word by Word

• सुखी: happy
• सुखी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुखिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• बत: alas/indeed
• बत: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बत (अव्यय)
• Form: विस्मय/खेदाद्यर्थक निपात (particle: alas/indeed)

• सभार्यः: with (his) wife
• सभार्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + भार्या (प्रातिपदिकौ)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (सह भार्यया = with wife); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• भरतः: Bharata
• भरतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• केकयीसुतः: son of Kaikeyi
• केकयीसुतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केकयी + सुत (प्रातिपदिकौ)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: केकय्याः सुतः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• मुदितान्: joyful, glad
• मुदितान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुदित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifies ‘कोसलान्’)

• कोसलान्: the Kosalas (people/land of Kosala)
• कोसलान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोसल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• एकः: alone
• एकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)

• भोक्ष्यति: will enjoy/rule
• भोक्ष्यति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• अधिराजवत्: like an emperor
• अधिराजवत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/comparison)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधिराज + वत् (प्रातिपदिक + तद्धित)
• Form: वत्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (indeclinable in -वत्), उपमावाचक (like)

Context

Bharata, son of Kaikeyi, with his wife will alone enjoy like an emperor this kingdom of Kosala full of happy people.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyī
• Kosala

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights the ethical tension between rightful succession and outcomes produced by desire-driven choices; dharma in governance should preserve justice and legitimacy.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma imagines the political outcome of his exile: Bharata ruling alone over Kosala.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s detachment-in-training: even while lamenting, he acknowledges the transfer of royal enjoyment away from himself.