Previous Verse
Next Verse

Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 47, Shloka 12

अयोध्यायाः पौरविलापः

Lament of the Citizens of Ayodhya on Rama’s Absence

इतीव बहुधा वाचो बाहुमुद्यम्य ते जनाः।विलपन्ति स्म दुःखार्ता विवत्सा इव धेनवः।।।।

itīva bahudhā vāco bāhum udyamya te janāḥ | vilapanti sma duḥkhārtā vivatsā iva dhenavaḥ || 2.47.12 ||

Speaking in many such ways and raising their arms, those people—tormented by sorrow—lamented like cows bereft of their calves.

itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण-निपातः (thus)
ivaas if
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक-अव्यय
bahudhāin many ways
bahudhā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbahudhā (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (in many ways)
vācaḥwords
vācaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāc (वाच् प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (words/speeches)
bāhumarm
bāhum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbāhu (बाहु प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
udyamyahaving lifted
udyamya:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-yam (उद्-यम् धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभावः; पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having raised)
tethose
te:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; जनाः इति विशेषणम् (those)
janāḥpeople
janāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (जन प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्
vilapantilament
vilapanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-lap (वि-लप् धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्
sma(indeed/did)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
Formस्म-निपातः (past narrative marker with present form)
duḥkhārtāḥafflicted with grief
duḥkhārtāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (दुःख) + ārta (आर्त प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः: तत्पुरुषः (दुःखेन आर्ताः); पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; जनाः इति विशेषणम्
vivatsāḥbereft of calves
vivatsāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-vatsa (वि-वत्स प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; धेनवः इति विशेषणम् (without calves)
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक-अव्यय
dhenavaḥcows
dhenavaḥ:
Upamana (उपमानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootdhenu (धेनु प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्

All of them with grief distressed, and with their arms thrown up lamented like cows deprived of their calves.

A
Ayodhya citizens

FAQs

The verse highlights righteous attachment: the people’s grief is not mere sentiment but a response to the loss of a dhārmic protector, revealing the ethical bond between society and virtue.

The citizens express intense grief through cries and gestures after failing to remain with Rama.

The people’s devotion and sincerity—an uncalculated love for righteousness embodied in Rama.