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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 35, Shloka 3

सुमन्त्रस्य कैकेयी-निन्दा

Sumantra’s Reproof of Kaikeyi in the Royal Assembly

ततो निर्धूय सहसा शिरो निश्श्वस्य चासकृत्। पाणौ पाणिं विनिष्पिष्य दन्तान् कटकटाप्य च ।।2.35.1।।लोचने कोपसंरक्ते वर्णं पूर्वोचितं जहत्। कोपाभिभूतस्सहसा सन्तापमशुभं गतः।।2.35.2।।मनः समीक्षमाणश्च सूतो दशरथस्य सः। कम्पयन्निव कैकेय्या हृदयं वाक्छरैश्शितैः ।।2.35.3।।वाक्यवज्रैरनुपमैर्निर्भिन्दन्निव चाशुभैः। कैकेय्या स्सर्वमर्माणि सुमन्त्रः प्रत्यभाषत।।2.35.4।।

tato nirdhūya sahasā śiro niḥśvasya cāsakṛt | pāṇau pāṇiṃ viniṣpiṣya dantān kaṭakaṭāpya ca ||2.35.1||

locane kopasaṃrakte varṇaṃ pūrvocitaṃ jahat | kopābhibhūtaḥ sahasā santāpam aśubhaṃ gataḥ ||2.35.2||

manaḥ samīkṣamāṇaś ca sūto daśarathasya saḥ | kampayann iva kaikeyyā hṛdayaṃ vākcharaiḥ śitaiḥ ||2.35.3||

vākyavajrair anupamair nirbhindann iva cāśubhaiḥ | kaikeyyāḥ sarvamarmāṇi sumantraḥ pratyabhāṣata ||2.35.4||

Then Sumantra suddenly shook his head again and again, sighing repeatedly; he crushed palm against palm and ground his teeth. His eyes reddened with anger, and, overcome by wrath, he fell at once into an ominous anguish. Reading Daśaratha’s mind, the charioteer spoke back to Kaikeyī—his sharp word-arrows as if shaking her heart, his thunderbolt-like sentences striking at her vital points.

manaḥmind
manaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmanas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative Singular)
samīkṣamāṇaḥobserving
samīkṣamāṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√īkṣ (धातु)
Formशानच् (present middle participle/आत्मनेपदी), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन: ‘observing’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
sūtaḥcharioteer
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative Singular)
daśarathasyaof Daśaratha
daśarathasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootdaśaratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (Masculine, Genitive Singular)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative Singular)
kampayanshaking/agitating
kampayan:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kamp (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन: ‘shaking/agitating’
ivaas if
iva:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison)
kaikeyyāḥof Kaikeyī
kaikeyyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी एकवचन (Feminine, Genitive Singular)
hṛdayamheart
hṛdayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothṛdaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative Singular)
vāk-śaraiḥwith word-arrows
vāk-śaraiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvāk-śara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष समास (vāk ‘word’ + śara ‘arrow’); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (Instrumental Plural)
śitaiḥsharp
śitaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (agreeing with vāk-śaraiḥ)

Overcome with anger, charioteer Sumantra started shaking his head and sighing off and on, crushing his palms and grinding his teeth. His eyes turned red due to anger. Overcome with a sudden, ominous grief, the complexion of his face turned red. Sumantra understood the mind of Dasaratha. With sharp arrows of words as if piercing the heart of Kaikeyi, he denounced her in exceptionally harsh words which, like thunderbolt, cut her to the quick:

S
Sumantra
D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī

FAQs

It frames moral protest: when maryādā is violated, righteous indignation arises, and speech becomes a tool to defend dharma and expose wrongdoing.

Sumantra, seeing Daśaratha’s inner suffering, becomes enraged and prepares to denounce Kaikeyī with forceful words.

Sumantra’s loyalty and moral courage—he dares to confront royal wrongdoing despite his subordinate status.