Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 5

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः

Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

पदातिं वर्जितच्छत्रं रामं दृष्ट्वा जनास्तदा।ऊचुर्बहुविधा वाच श्शोकोपहतचेतसः।।।।

Transliteration

padātiṃ varjitacchatraṃ rāmaṃ dṛṣṭvā janās tadā | ūcur bahuvidhā vācaḥ śokopahatacetasaḥ ||

Translation

Seeing Rāma on foot, without the royal umbrella, the people—hearts struck down by grief—then spoke many kinds of words.

Word by Word

• पदातिम्: on foot, a pedestrian
• पदातिम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Noun
• Root: पदाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रामम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणरूपेण (as apposition)

• वर्जितच्छत्रम्: without the royal umbrella
• वर्जितच्छत्रम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्जित + छत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रामम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्; वर्जित (क्त-कृदन्त from √वर्ज्) + छत्र; समासः तत्पुरुषः (‘deprived of umbrella’)

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म (object of dṛṣṭvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• ऊचुः: said/uttered
• ऊचुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• बहुविधाः: various, many kinds of
• बहुविधाः: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; वाचः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वाचः: words
• वाचः: कर्म (object of ūcuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Accusative Plural)

• शोकोपहतचेतसः: grief-stricken
• शोकोपहतचेतसः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोक + उपहत + चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; जनाः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्; समासः तत्पुरुषः (‘minds struck by grief’)

Context

Rama entered the royal palace guarded by well-trained warriors and not from very far saw Sumantra who stood a picture of dejection.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma and rightful order are symbolized by royal insignia; its absence signals moral and political upheaval, prompting public lament and reflection.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma proceeds in a markedly altered state—walking without royal honors—provoking grief-stricken reactions from the citizens.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s restraint and humility are implied: he accepts diminished outward status while continuing to act within dharma.