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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 114, Shloka 22

अयोध्याप्रवेशः

Bharata Enters Ayodhya and Perceives the City’s Desolation

किं नु खल्वद्य गम्भीरो मूर्छितो न निशम्यते। यथापुरमयोध्यायां गीतवादित्रनिस्वनः।।2.114.22।।

kiṃ nu khalv adya gambhīro mūrchito na niśamyate | yathā puram ayodhyāyāṃ gītavāditranisvanaḥ || 2.114.22 ||

Why is it that today, in Ayodhya, the deep, swelling sound of songs and musical instruments—such as used to fill the city before—is not heard?

kimwhat? (why?)
kim:
Hetu-prashna (हेतु-प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā (contextual interrogative), Ekavacana; used idiomatically in question
nuindeed/then
nu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle), interrogative/emphatic
khalusurely
khalu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkhalu (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle), emphasis/assurance
adyatoday/now
adya:
Kāla (काल/Time adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
FormKālavyaya (temporal adverb/काल-अव्यय)
gambhīraḥdeep
gambhīraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgambhīra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifying gītavāditranisvanaḥ
mūrchitaḥdiffused/pervading
mūrchitaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmūrchita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; qualifying gītavāditranisvanaḥ
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormPratiṣedha-nipāta (negation particle/प्रतिषेध)
niśamyateis heard
niśamyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśam (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; Ātmanepada; with prefix ni-; passive/impersonal sense ‘is heard/perceived’
yathāas/like
yathā:
Prakāra (प्रकार/Manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormUpamā/Prakāra-avyaya (comparative/manner indeclinable)
puramformerly/in the city (before)
puram:
Prakāra (प्रकार/Adverbial)
TypeNoun
Rootpura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; used adverbially with yathā = ‘as before’
ayodhyāyāmin Ayodhyā
ayodhyāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine/स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana
gīta-vāditra-nisvanaḥsound of songs and instruments
gīta-vāditra-nisvanaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootgīta (प्रातिपदिक) + vāditra (प्रातिपदिक) + nisvana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) determinative: ‘gītānāṃ vāditrāṇāṃ ca nisvanaḥ’ (sound of songs and instruments); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; subject of niśamyate

How is it that in Ayodhya, the deep and all-pervasive songs and sounds of musical instruments of the former days are not heard now?

B
Bharata
A
Ayodhyā

FAQs

A ruler-in-training reads the moral health of society through its ordinary joys; dharma is not abstract—when truth and justice are wounded, communal celebration naturally fades.

Bharata notices the absence of Ayodhya’s customary music and festivity and asks his charioteer for the reason.

Bharata’s compassion and vigilance: he is disturbed by the people’s sorrow and seeks the truth (satya) behind it.