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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 35

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

Devanagari script

त्वत्तो जनाः पूर्वतरे  द्विजाच्श्र शुभानि कर्माणि बहूनि चक्रुः।

जित्वा सदेमं च परं च लोकं तस्माव्दिजा स्व‌स्ति हुतं कृतं च।।2.109.35।।

Transliteration

tvattō janāḥ pūrvatārē varāś ca śubhāni karmāṇi bahūni cakruḥ |

jitvā sadēmaṃ ca paraṃ ca lokaṃ tasmād dvijāḥ svasti hutaṃ kṛtaṃ ca || 2.109.35 ||

Translation

Men greater than you in earlier generations performed many auspicious deeds and thereby won both this world and the next; therefore the twice-born offer oblations and perform rites for the welfare of all.

Word by Word
त्वत्तःfrom you
त्वत्तः:
अपादान (Source/From whom)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/स्त्री/नपुं (सर्वनाम), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन (Singular)
जनाःpeople, men
जनाः:
कर्ता (Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
पूर्वतरेin earlier (former) times/generations
पूर्वतरे:
अधिकरण (Location/Time: in earlier times/generations)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्वतर (प्रातिपदिक; पूर्व + तर-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम् (qualifying जनाः)
द्विजाःtwice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजाः:
कर्ता (Agent) / विशेष्य-निर्देश (Apposition to जनाः)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); (पादे 1: जनाः इत्यस्य विशेष्य-सम्बन्धेन ‘द्विजाः’ = ब्राह्मणाः)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
शुभानिauspicious
शुभानि:
कर्म (Object; with कर्माणि)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम् (qualifying कर्माणि)
कर्माणिacts, deeds, rites
कर्माणि:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural)
बहूनिmany
बहूनि:
कर्म (Object; with कर्माणि)
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषणम् (qualifying कर्माणि)
चक्रुःdid, performed
चक्रुः:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु) — परस्मैपदी
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
जित्वाhaving conquered
जित्वा:
पूर्वक्रिया-सम्बन्ध (Having done ... then ...)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजि (धातु) + क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (अव्ययभावे)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund); पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (prior action)
सदाalways
सदा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
इमम्this
इमम्:
कर्म (Object; with लोकम्)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying लोकम्)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
परम्the other, the next
परम्:
कर्म (Object; with लोकम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषणम् (qualifying लोकम्)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
लोकम्world
लोकम्:
कर्म (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); (समुच्चित-द्वितीया: इमं लोकं परं लोकं)
तस्मात्therefore, hence
तस्मात्:
हेतु (Cause/Reason)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formहेतुवाचक-अव्यय (indeclinable used as causal ‘therefore/from that reason’; historically पञ्चमी एकवचन-रूपम्)
द्विजाःthe twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजाः:
कर्ता (Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
स्वस्तिwelfare, auspicious benediction
स्वस्ति:
क्रियाविशेषण/विधेय-विशेषण (Ritual qualifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वस्ति (अव्यय/निपात; मंगलवाचक)
Formमंगलवाचक-अव्यय (benedictive particle; used in rites)
हुतम्offered oblation, libation
हुतम्:
कर्म (Object/result: oblation offered)
TypeNoun
Rootहु (धातु) + क्त-प्रत्यय (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used substantively); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
कृतम्done (rite), performed act
कृतम्:
कर्म (Object/result: deed done/rite performed)
TypeNoun
Rootकृ (धातु) + क्त-प्रत्यय (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used substantively); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
Context

It is only the character that tells whether a man is high-born or not, brave or onlyproud of his manliness, honest or dishonest.

Characters & Entities
R
Rāma
D
dvija

FAQs

Auspicious action (śubha-karman) and Vedic rites are presented as dharmic means to secure well-being in this life and the next.

Jābāli pivots toward orthodox affirmation, stressing ritual merit and welfare-rites to align with Rāma’s dharma-centered outlook.

Religious responsibility—upholding communal welfare through prescribed offerings and righteous deeds.

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