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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 109, Shloka 24

सत्यधर्मप्रतिपादनम्

Rama’s Defense of Truth and Dharma in Reply to Jabali

कथं ह्यहं प्रतिज्ञाय वनवासमिमं गुरॊ:।

भरतस्य करिष्यामि वचो हित्वा गुरोर्वचः।।2.109.24।।

kathaṁ hy ahaṁ pratijñāya vana-vāsam imaṁ guroḥ |

bharatasya kariṣyāmi vaco hitvā guror vacaḥ ||2.109.24||

Having vowed before my father to live in the forest, how could I act on Bharata’s request, setting aside my father’s word?

कथम्how?
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधानार्थ/हेतौ (indeed/for)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, उत्तमपुरुषार्थ; प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
प्रतिज्ञायhaving vowed
प्रतिज्ञाय:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√jñā (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having vowed/promised’
वनवासम्forest-dwelling, exile in the forest
वनवासम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvana-vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (वनस्य वासः)
इमम्this
इमम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम-विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; वनवासम् इति विशेषयति
गुरोःof the father/elder (guru)
गुरोः:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
भरतस्यof Bharata
भरतस्य:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Related to ‘word’)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
करिष्यामिshall do/shall carry out
करिष्यामि:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
वचःword, command
वचः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
हित्वाhaving abandoned/disregarded
हित्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√hā (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having abandoned/disregarded’
गुरोःof the father/elder
गुरोः:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
वचःword, command
वचः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

Having sworn before my father that I would live in the forest, how can I act upon Bharata's request in disregard to my father's words?

R
Rāma
B
Bharata
D
Daśaratha (as father/guru)

FAQs

Keeping one’s vow and honoring a father’s word is central to dharma; conflicting requests must yield to prior righteous commitment.

Bharata asks Rāma to return; Rāma states that doing so would violate the promise made to Daśaratha regarding exile.

Fidelity to vows (pratijñā-pālana) and filial righteousness.