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Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 2

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

ततः स शरवर्षेण पर्जन्य इव वृष्टिमान्‌ । अभ्यवर्षदमेयात्मा क्षत्रियान्‌ क्षत्रियर्षभ:

tataḥ sa śaravarṣeṇa parjanya iva vṛṣṭimān | abhyavarṣad ameyātmā kṣatriyān kṣatriyarṣabhaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then that bull among kṣatriyas, of immeasurable spirit, rained down a shower of arrows upon the warriors—like a rain-bearing cloud pouring its downpour. The scene underscores the fierce momentum of battle, where martial excellence and resolve surge forward even as the ethical weight of violence remains implicit in the kṣatriya duty of war.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
शर-वर्षेणwith a shower of arrows
शर-वर्षेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरवर्ष
FormNeuter, instrumental, singular
पर्जन्यःa rain-cloud
पर्जन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
FormAvyaya (comparative particle)
वृष्टिमान्rain-bearing, raining
वृष्टिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृष्टिमत्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
अभ्यवर्षत्rained upon, showered upon
अभ्यवर्षत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√वृष्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
अमेय-आत्माhe whose self/strength is immeasurable
अमेय-आत्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमेयात्मन्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
क्षत्रियान्the warriors (kshatriyas)
क्षत्रियान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
क्षत्रिय-ऋषभःthe bull among kshatriyas (best warrior)
क्षत्रिय-ऋषभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रियर्षभ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
an unnamed foremost kshatriya (kṣatriyarṣabhaḥ)
K
kṣatriyas (warriors)
A
arrows (śara)
R
rain-cloud (parjanya)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ideal of kṣatriya prowess—unyielding courage and effectiveness in battle—while implicitly situating such violence within the framework of kṣatriya-dharma (the warrior’s duty), where action is driven by role-bound obligation rather than personal whim.

Sanjaya describes a leading warrior unleashing an intense barrage of arrows on opposing kṣatriyas, compared to a rain-cloud pouring down rain—an image emphasizing overwhelming force and the escalating ferocity of the fight.

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