Shloka 57

आत्यन्तिक-लयहेतुः: तापत्रय-विवेचनम् तथा ‘भगवान्/वासुदेव’ शब्दार्थः

Threefold Suffering and the Path to Final Liberation; Meaning of Bhagavān and Vāsudeva

Devanagari script

इति संसारदुःखार्कतापतापितचेतसाम् विमुक्तिपादपच्छायाम् ऋते कुत्र सुखं नृणाम्

Transliteration

iti saṃsāraduḥkhārkatāpatāpitacetasām vimuktipādapacchāyām ṛte kutra sukhaṃ nṛṇām

Translation

因此，对于心识被轮回之苦——忧悲之日——的灼热所炙烤者而言，离开解脱之足下清凉的荫庇，人间幸福又在何处？

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक/उद्धरणसूचक (quotative particle)

• संसार: worldly existence
• संसार: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• दुःख: sorrow
• दुःख: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• अर्क: sun
• अर्क: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• ताप: heat; burning
• ताप: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ताप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• तापित: heated; tormented
• तापित: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तप् (धातु) + त (कृत्प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; ‘चेतसाम्’ विशेषण

• चेतसाम्: of minds
• चेतसाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• संसारदुःखार्कतापतापितचेतसाम्: of those whose minds are scorched by the heat of the sun of worldly sorrow
• संसारदुःखार्कतापतापितचेतसाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार+दुःख+अर्क+ताप+तापित+चेतस् (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
• Form: बहुपदतत्पुरुषसमास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/सम्बन्धप्रधान), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• विमुक्ति: liberation
• विमुक्ति: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• पादप: tree
• पादप: Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पादप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासपूर्वपद

• छायाम्: in the shade
• छायाम्: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छाया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• विमुक्तिपादपच्छायाम्: in the shade of the tree of liberation
• विमुक्तिपादपच्छायाम्: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विमुक्ति+पादप+छाया (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘विमुक्तेः पादपः’), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• ऋते: without; except
• ऋते: Sambandha (Exclusion/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऋते (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, वर्जनार्थक (exceptive/preposition-like)

• कुत्र: where?
• कुत्र: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कुत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रश्नवाचक देश (interrogative adverb of place)

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• नृणाम्: of men
• नृणाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Characters & Entities

• Vimukti (Moksha)
• Samsara (worldly existence)
• Humankind (nṛṇām)

FAQs

What is the significance of moksha (vimukti) in this verse of the Vishnu Purana?

It presents mokṣa as the only true shelter that cools the mind afflicted by saṃsāra’s suffering; without it, lasting human happiness is portrayed as impossible.

How does Sage Parashara explain the human condition here?

He depicts ordinary life as a cycle that burns the mind with sorrow, implying that worldly achievements cannot ultimately remove distress—only liberation can.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Though not named in the line, the Vishnu Purana’s framework treats liberation as attained under Vishnu’s supreme refuge—mokṣa is implicitly tied to the Lord as the final ground of peace.