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Shloka 19

नैमित्तिक-प्राकृत-प्रलयवर्णनम्

Periodic and Elemental Dissolution; Reabsorption into Paramātman

स चाग्निः सर्वतो व्याप्य आदत्ते तज् जलं तथा सर्वम् आपूर्यते ऽर्चिभिस् तदा जगद् इदं शनैः

sa cāgniḥ sarvato vyāpya ādatte taj jalaṃ tathā sarvam āpūryate 'rcibhis tadā jagad idaṃ śanaiḥ

而彼火遍满四方,亦摄取那水;于是此整个世界渐次被其火焰从各处充盈、漫溢。

सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine demonstrative pronoun, Nom. Sg.)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nominative, Singular)
सर्वतःeverywhere
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देश-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
व्याप्यhaving pervaded
व्याप्य:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि√आप् (धातु) ल्यप्-प्रत्यय; व्याप्य (अव्ययभाव-कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund): ‘having pervaded’
आदत्तेtakes away, absorbs
आदत्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ√दा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Present Indicative, Ātmanepada, 3rd person, Singular)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally, Acc. Sg.)
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (Manner/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकार-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: thus/in that manner)
सर्वम्everything
सर्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative, Singular)
आपूर्यतेis filled
आपूर्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ√पूर् (धातु; पूर् + यक्)
Formलट्-लकार, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Present Indicative, Passive, 3rd person, Singular)
अर्चिभिःby flames
अर्चिभिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्चिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Neuter, Instrumental, Plural)
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Nominative, Singular)
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally, Nom. Sg.)
शनैःgradually
शनैः:
Sambandha (Manner/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशनैः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकार/गति-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: slowly/gradually)

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

A
Agni
J
Jala (Cosmic Waters)

FAQs

It marks an advanced stage of dissolution where elemental order collapses—fire becomes all-pervasive and consumes even the waters, signaling the world’s gradual withdrawal toward an unmanifest state under Vishnu’s sovereign law.

Parāśara presents pralaya as a staged, sequential process: forces spread, intensify, and only then engulf the cosmos—showing dissolution as an ordered transformation rather than a sudden annihilation.

Even when the verse describes impersonal elements like fire and water, the Purana’s framework treats such cosmic processes as operating within Vishnu’s supreme governance—He is the sustaining and withdrawing Reality behind creation and dissolution.