Shloka 38

नग्न-परिभाषा तथा देव-स्तोत्रपूर्वक मायामोह-उत्पत्ति

Defining ‘Nagna’ and the Devas’ Hymn Leading to Māyāmoha

Devanagari script

यद्य् अप्य् अशेषभूतस्य वयं ते च तवांशकाः तथाप्य् अविद्याभेदेन भिन्नं पश्यामहे जगत्

Transliteration

yady apy aśeṣabhūtasya vayaṃ te ca tavāṃśakāḥ tathāpy avidyābhedena bhinnaṃ paśyāmahe jagat

Translation

虽然我们和他们都只是您的一部分，您是万物的本质，但由于无明产生了分别心，我们视这个世界为分离和多样的。

Word by Word

• yadi: if
• yadi: Sambandha (Logical connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; शर्तार्थक-निपात (conditional particle)

• api: even/although
• api: Sambandha (Logical connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपि-निपात (concessive/emphatic particle)

• aśeṣabhūtasya: of the all-inclusive being (the all that exists)
• aśeṣabhūtasya: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aśeṣa-bhūta (प्रातिपदिक; अशेष + भूत)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (aśeṣaḥ bhūtaḥ)

• vayam: we
• vayam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• te: they/you (those)
• te: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Coordinator/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• tava: of you/your
• tava: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• aṃśakāḥ: parts/portions
• aṃśakāḥ: Karta (Predicate nominative/विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṃśaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• tathā: thus
• tathā: Sambandha (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तथार्थक-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: thus)

• api: still/however
• api: Sambandha (Logical connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपि-निपात (concessive/emphatic particle)

• avidyābhedena: by the distinction caused by ignorance
• avidyābhedena: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avidyā-bheda (प्रातिपदिक; अविद्या + भेद)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (avidyāyāḥ bhedaḥ)

• bhinnam: separate/divided
• bhinnam: Karma (Object complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhinna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √bhid (भिद्) + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle)

• paśyāmahe: we see
• paśyāmahe: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश्)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन

• jagat: the world
• jagat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Though all beings are truly portions (aṃśa) of the all-pervading Lord, avidyā superimposes difference so the world appears manifold.

Vedantic Theme: Maya

Application: Practice viveka (discrimination) and contemplative remembrance that the Lord is the inner Self of all, reducing egoic separateness.

Vishishtadvaita: Affirms the Lord as the inner Self (antaryāmin) of all beings while explaining perceived plurality as due to ignorance, aligning with unity-in-difference.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Para-Brahman

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Antaryamin: Yes

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Maitreya
• Parāśara

FAQs

What is the significance of avidyā (ignorance) in this Vishnu Purana verse?

It explains why the single Supreme Reality is experienced as a divided world—difference is a perception produced by ignorance, not an ultimate separation from Vishnu.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the relationship between beings and Vishnu here?

He states that all beings (including the speaker and listener) are ‘aṃśas’—dependent portions—of Vishnu, who is the essence of all existence, even though they appear distinct in ordinary experience.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Vishnu is presented as the supreme ground of all beings; the world’s multiplicity does not negate His sovereignty, since all apparent differences rest upon Him.