Shloka 3

श्राद्ध-योग्य द्रव्य, निषेध, तथा गयाश्राद्ध-माहात्म्य (Śrāddha Materials, Prohibitions, and the Glory of Gayā)

Devanagari script

खड्गमांसम् अतीवात्र कालशाकं तथा मधु शस्तानि कर्मण्य् अत्यन्ततृप्तिदानि नरेश्वर

Transliteration

khaḍgamāṃsam atīvātra kālaśākaṃ tathā madhu śastāni karmaṇy atyantatṛptidāni nareśvara

Translation

噢，人中王者：在此处，犀牛之肉、名为“迦罗沙迦”的绿叶菜，以及蜂蜜，都被称颂为适宜供奉于神圣仪式的供品，因为据说它们能赐予至上的满足。

Word by Word

• खड्गमांसम्: rhinoceros meat
• खड्गमांसम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खड्ग-मांस (प्रातिपदिक; खड्ग + मांस)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative)

• अतीव: exceedingly
• अतीव: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतीव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• कालशाकम्: black leafy vegetable (kāla-śāka)
• कालशाकम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल-शाक (प्रातिपदिक; काल + शाक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-प्राय (determinative)

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Linker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/तुल्यतावाचक (conjunctive/adverb: 'also/likewise')

• मधु: honey
• मधु: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन

• शस्तानि: recommended, praised
• शस्तानि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शस्त (कृदन्त; √शंस् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• कर्मणि: in the rite (in the act)
• कर्मणि: Adhikarana (Location/Sphere/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; विषय/अधिकरण (locative of sphere)

• अत्यन्ततृप्तिदानि: giving great satisfaction
• अत्यन्ततृप्तिदानि: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अत्यन्त-तृप्ति-दान (प्रातिपदिक; अत्यन्त + तृप्ति + दान)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-प्राय ('giving extreme satisfaction')

• नरेश्वर: O king
• नरेश्वर: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक; नर + ईश्वर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('lord of men')

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (in instruction to Maitreya; verse addresses a kingly addressee as 'nareśvara' in style)

Characters & Entities

• Parāśara
• Maitreya
• Kings

FAQs

What is the significance of 'tṛpti' (satisfaction) in Vishnu Purana ritual instructions?

This verse frames certain offerings as producing 'atyanta-tṛpti'—the highest ritual satisfaction—indicating that correct substances, given in the proper rite, are believed to maximize the intended spiritual efficacy and benefit.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the role of specific foods in prescribed rites?

Parāśara presents certain items as 'śasta' (commended) within karmic procedures, implying that ritual outcomes depend not only on intent but also on adherence to traditional materials and method.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when discussing ritual details, the Vishnu Purana situates dharma as part of the cosmic order upheld by the Supreme—Vishnu—so correct ritual action is implicitly aligned with sustaining that universal sovereignty and order.