Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 30, Shloka 8

शार्दूलचरवृत्तान्तः

Saardula’s Spy-Report on Rama’s Camp and the Vanara Host

Devanagari script

जानुभिर्मुष्टिभिर्दन्तेस्तलैश्चाभिहतोभृशम् ।परिणीतोऽस्मिहरिभिर्बलवद्भिरमर्षणैः ।।6.30.8।।

Transliteration

jānubhir muṣṭibhir dantais talaiś cābhihato bhṛśam |

pariṇīto ’smi haribhir balavadbhir amarṣaṇaiḥ ||6.30.8||

Translation

我遭到猛烈的殴打——拳打脚踢，甚至被牙咬掌击——然后被那些强壮愤怒的猴子拖着游街示众。

Word by Word

• जानुभिः: with knees
• जानुभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जानु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural (by/with knees)

• मुष्टिभिः: with fists
• मुष्टिभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• दन्तैः: with teeth
• दन्तैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural

• तलैः: with palms
• तलैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural (with palms/soles; here palms)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय; conjunction ‘and’

• अभिहतः: beaten/struck
• अभिहतः: Karma (कर्म) (passive subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-हन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having been struck/beaten’

• भृशम्: severely
• भृशम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय; adverb ‘excessively’

• परिणीतः: led away/paraded
• परिणीतः: Karma (कर्म) (passive subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-नी (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘led/dragged about’

• अस्मि: I am
• अस्मि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘I am’

• हरिभिः: by the monkeys
• हरिभिः: Kartṛ (कर्ता) (in passive, agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/कर्तृ), बहुवचन; Instrumental plural ‘by the monkeys’ (agent in passive)

• बलवद्भिः: by the strong
• बलवद्भिः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; adjective qualifying हरिभिः

• अमर्षणैः: by the relentless
• अमर्षणैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमर्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; adjective qualifying हरिभिः; ‘intolerant/unyielding’

Context

"The monkeys had beaten me with fists, bitten my palms with teeth, beaten me intensely and paraded me in the army indignantly."

Characters & Entities

• Army (bala)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It implicitly raises the dharmic question of restraint in war: even when confronting an enemy agent, force should be proportionate and guided by discipline, not only anger.

What is the narrative situation?

The spy reports being beaten and publicly paraded by the Vānara troops after being caught.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective vigilance and courage of the Vānara army—though the verse also depicts the danger of uncontrolled wrath.