Shloka 13

अङ्गदस्य प्रायोपवेशननिश्चयः

Angada’s Resolve to Fast unto Death

Devanagari script

अभिवादनपूर्वं हि राघवौ बलशालिनौ।अभिवादनपूर्वं तु राजा कुशलमेव च।।।।वाच्यस्तातो यवीयान्मे सुग्रीवो वानरेश्वरः।

Transliteration

abhivādanapūrvaṃ hi rāghavau balaśālinau |

abhivādanapūrvaṃ tu rājā kuśalam eva ca ||

vācyaḥ tāto yavīyān me sugrīvo vānarēśvaraḥ ||

Translation

请以此致敬意，向强大的拉格瓦兄弟（罗摩与罗什曼那）转达我的敬意。同时也请向猴王苏格里瓦——我父亲的弟弟致敬，并问候他的安康。

Word by Word

• abhivādana-pūrvam: with due salutation first
• abhivādana-pūrvam: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhivādana (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva compound used adverbially (क्रियाविशेषण): ‘with prior salutation’

• hi: indeed
• hi: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• rāghavau: the two Raghavas (Rama and Lakshmana)
• rāghavau: Karma (कर्म) (to be addressed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• bala-śālinau: strong
• bala-śālinau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bala (प्रातिपदिक) + śālin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual; tatpuruṣa: balena śālī ‘possessing strength’

• abhivādana-pūrvam: with salutation first
• abhivādana-pūrvam: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhivādana (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• tu: and/but
• tu: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• rājā: the king
• rājā: Karma (कर्म) (to be addressed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• kuśalam: well-being
• kuśalam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kuśala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular; object of implied ‘ask/say’

• eva: indeed
• eva: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात)

• ca: and
• ca: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (निपात)

• vācyaḥ: should be addressed
• vācyaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Gerundive (कृत्य: यत्), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ‘is to be spoken/addressed’ (passive obligation)

• tātaḥ: uncle (father’s younger brother)
• tātaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition to sugrīvaḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; used as kinship title ‘uncle’

• yavīyān: younger
• yavīyān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; comparative (तर/ईयसुन् sense) ‘younger’

• me: my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• sugrīvaḥ: Sugriva
• sugrīvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (of vācyaḥ: one to be addressed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• vānara-īśvaraḥ: lord of monkeys
• vānara-īśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; tatpuruṣa: vānārāṇām īśvaraḥ ‘lord of monkeys’

Context

'Convey my greetings with due courtesy to Rama and Lakshmana on my behalf and my respects to my father's younger brother, king of monkeys, Sugriva and wish him well.

Characters & Entities

• Angada
• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sugriva
• Kiṣkindhā (implied polity)
• Vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as maryādā (proper conduct): even in despair, Angada maintains respectful speech and correct royal/kinship etiquette toward Rama, Lakshmana, and Sugriva.

What is the narrative situation?

Preparing for death by fasting, Angada instructs others on what messages and salutations to deliver if they return.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Courtesy and restraint (vinaya), preserving dignity and respect despite personal crisis.