Shloka 12

सुग्रीवस्य वैरानुकथनम्

Sugriva’s Account of Enmity and Appeal to Rama

Devanagari script

प्रकृतीश्च समानीय मुन्त्रिणश्चैव सम्मतान्।।मामाह सुहृदां मध्ये वाक्यं परमगर्हितम्।

Transliteration

prakṛtīś ca samānīya mantriṇaś caiva sammatān | mām āha suhṛdāṃ madhye vākyaṃ paramagarhitam ||

Translation

他召集诸民众首领与他所认可的群臣，在众友之前对我说出极其卑辱、充满轻蔑的话语。

Word by Word

• prakṛtīḥ: subjects; people (of the realm)
• prakṛtīḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• samānīya: having summoned
• samānīya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-nī (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund); ‘having brought together/summoned’

• mantriṇaḥ: ministers
• mantriṇaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mantrin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis)

• sammatān: approved; favored
• sammatān: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-mata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘approved/esteemed’

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• āha: said
• āha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• suhṛdām: of friends
• suhṛdām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• madhye: in the midst
• madhye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• vākyam: words; a statement
• vākyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• paramagarhitam: most contemptible
• paramagarhitam: Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama-garhita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: parama (अत्यन्त) + garhita (निन्दित); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; vākyam-विशेषण

Context

'Having invited ordinary people and favourite ministers he condemned me in the presence of friends.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Vālin
• ministers
• subjects (prakṛti)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma forbids humiliating others publicly for dominance; righteous leadership uses fairness and measured speech, not contempt staged before an audience.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva says Vālin gathered people and ministers and condemned him openly among friends.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is dignity and restraint in power; the verse highlights its violation by Vālin.