Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 71, Shloka 14

जनककुलवर्णनम् तथा सीतोर्मिलादानम्

Janaka’s Genealogy and the Bestowal of Sita and Urmila

Devanagari script

मां तु ज्येष्ठं पिता राज्ये सोऽभिषिच्य नराधिप:।कुशध्वजं समावेश्य भारं मयि वनं गत:।।।।

Transliteration

māṃ tu jyeṣṭhaṃ pitā rājye so ’bhiṣicya narādhipaḥ |

kuśadhvajaṃ samāveśya bhāraṃ mayi vanaṃ gataḥ ||

Translation

我父王为君主，立我这长子为王；并将俱沙陀伐阇托付于我，把治国重任交于我，遂入林而去。

Word by Word

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• ज्येष्ठम्: (as) the eldest
• ज्येष्ठम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; कर्म-विशेषण (object-complement)

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• राज्ये: in the kingdom
• राज्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• अभिषिच्य: having crowned
• अभिषिच्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया/gerundial)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + सिच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), 'having consecrated/crowned'

• नराधिपः: king; lord of men
• नराधिपः: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः (नराणाम् अधिपः), प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• कुशध्वजम्: Kuśadhvaja
• कुशध्वजम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुशध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः, द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• समावेश्य: having entrusted
• समावेश्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), 'having entrusted/placed'

• भारम्: burden; responsibility
• भारम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• मयि: on me
• मयि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्/locative: 'on/in me')
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी, एकवचन

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• गतः: went
• गतः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त (past active participle), प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

Context

My father king Hrasvaroma crowned me king, entrusted Kusadhwaja to my care and retired to the forest.

Characters & Entities

• Janaka
• Kuśadhvaja
• Hrasvaromā
• Forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma and vānaprastha-dharma appear together: the king hands over rule to the qualified heir and withdraws, while the heir accepts responsibility for both kingdom and kin.

What is the narrative situation?

Janaka explains how he was crowned and how his father retired to the forest after entrusting him with governance and with Kuśadhvaja’s care.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Responsible acceptance of duty (bhāra) and guardianship toward one’s younger brother.