Shloka 21

Devanagari script

न हन्तव्यो न हन्तव्य इत्येवं दितिरब्रवीत्।निष्पपात ततश्शक्रो मातुर्वचनगौरवात्।।1.46.21।।

Transliteration

na hantavyo na hantavya ity evaṃ ditir abravīt | niṣpapāta tataḥ śakro mātur vacana-gauravāt || 1.46.21 ||

Translation

“不可杀他，不可杀他！”底提如此说道。于是释迦因敬重母亲之言而退去。

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• हन्तव्यः: to be killed
• हन्तव्यः: Vidhi/Nishedha (विधि/निषेध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/future passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'to be killed'

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• हन्तव्यः: to be killed
• हन्तव्यः: Vidhi/Nishedha (विधि/निषेध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; repetition for emphasis

• इति: thus
• इति: Vakyartha (वाक्यार्थ-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, उद्धरणसूचक

• एवम्: in this way
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक

• दितिः: Diti
• दितिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• निष्पपात: came out/leapt out
• निष्पपात: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: निस् + पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रम/कालवाचक

• शक्रः: Indra
• शक्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• मातुः: of (his) mother
• मातुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• वचन-गौरवात्: out of respect for the word(s)
• वचन-गौरवात्: Hetu (हेतु/पञ्चमी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक) + गौरव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन; 'out of respect for the words'

Context

Highly powerful Indra, even while saying to the crying embryo "Do not weep, Do not weep" severed it.

Characters & Entities

• Diti
• Śakra (Indra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respect for a mother’s command and restraint: even a powerful being must stop when corrected by rightful authority.

What is the narrative situation?

Diti awakens, forbids the killing, and Indra desists and exits due to reverence for her words.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Deference to elders/parents (mātṛ-vacana-gaurava) and the capacity to stop (self-restraint).