Shloka 17

Devanagari script

दृष्ट्वा तामशुचिं शक्र: पादत: कृतमूर्धजाम्।शिरस्स्थाने कृतौ पादौ जहास च मुमोद च।।1.46.17।।

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvā tām aśuciṃ śakraḥ pādataḥ kṛtamūrdhajām | śirass-thāne kṛtau pādau jahāsa ca mumoda ca || 1.46.17 ||

Translation

因陀罗见她姿势不净——发垂向足，双足却置于本应为头之处——便大笑而心生欢喜。

Word by Word

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund)

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• अशुचिम्: impure (in posture)
• अशुचिम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifying 'ताम्'

• शक्रः: Indra
• शक्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• पादतः: at the feet-side
• पादतः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण-अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb) = 'from/at the feet-side'

• कृत-मूर्धजाम्: with hair placed (towards the feet)
• कृत-मूर्धजाम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृदन्त) + मूर्धज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष समास (कृताः मूर्धजाः यस्याः); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifying 'ताम्'

• शिरः-स्थाने: in the place of the head
• शिरः-स्थाने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• कृतौ: placed
• कृतौ: Kriya (क्रियापद-भाव)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; agreeing with 'पादौ' (feet having been placed)

• पादौ: the two feet
• पादौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), द्विवचन

• जहास: laughed
• जहास: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हस् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)

• मुमोद: rejoiced
• मुमोद: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)

Context

Indra laughed. He rejoiced at the sight of her ominous posture of sleeping with her feet towards her head and her hair falling on her feet.

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Diti

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It cautions that adharma often exploits moments of weakness; maintaining disciplined conduct and purity is presented as protective in the narrative worldview.

What is the narrative situation?

Indra notices Diti sleeping improperly and takes it as a favorable opening for his next act.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Negatively, Indra’s opportunism is foregrounded; the implied virtue for the listener is steadiness and careful observance.