Shloka 4

Devanagari script

सप्तानां च समुद्राणामेषु तीर्थेषु लक्ष्मण।उपस्पृष्टं च विधिवत्पितरश्चापि तर्पिताः।।3.75.4।।

Transliteration

saptānāṃ ca samudrāṇām eṣu tīrtheṣu lakṣmaṇa | upaspṛṣṭaṃ ca vidhivat pitaraś cāpi tarpitāḥ || 3.75.4 ||

Translation

罗什曼那啊，我们在这些圣水中如法沐浴，宛如在七海的诸圣渡处一般；仪轨已圆满施行，祖灵亦依传统受供而得满足。

Word by Word

• saptānām: of seven
• saptānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sapta (सप्त प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural; numeral adjective qualifying samudrāṇām

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• samudrāṇām: of seas
• samudrāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural

• eṣu: in these
• eṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (एतद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter/Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Plural; pronoun

• tīrtheṣu: holy fords / sacred waters
• tīrtheṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/place)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tīrtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (सप्तमी), Plural

• lakṣmaṇa: O Lakṣmaṇa
• lakṣmaṇa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular

• upaspṛṣṭam: (we) have bathed / performed ablution
• upaspṛṣṭam: Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√spṛś (स्पृश् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; impersonal/passive sense 'has been touched/bathed'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• vidhivat: duly, according to rite
• vidhivat: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vidhi (विधि प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) meaning 'according to rule'

• pitaraḥ: forefathers
• pitaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject of tarpitāḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (पितृ प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (निपात) meaning 'also'

• tarpitāḥ: have been satisfied (with offerings)
• tarpitāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tṛp (तृप् धातु) + ṇic (णिच्) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Causative PPP (णिजन्त + क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; passive predicate with pitaraḥ

Context

Having said these words to Lakshmana who was listening to him with undivided attention, Rama, the best of the Raghus, oppressed by love and afflicted by tears of grief entered Pampa, the delightful lotus-lake.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• tīrtha (sacred waters)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It emphasizes ritual and familial Dharma: honoring ancestors (pitṛs) through prescribed rites, reflecting gratitude and continuity of duty (pitṛ-ṛṇa).

What is the narrative situation?

Rama notes that they have completed a proper ceremonial bath and ancestral offerings at sacred waters during their forest journey.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s scrupulous observance of tradition and responsibility toward lineage and sacred obligations.