Shloka 44

जटायुरावणयुद्धम्

Jatayu’s Combat with Ravana

Devanagari script

तं दृष्ट्वा पतितं भूमौ क्षतजार्द्रं जटायुषम्।।।।अभ्यधावत वैदेही स्वबन्धुमिव दुःखिता।

Transliteration

taṃ dṛṣṭvā patitaṃ bhūmau kṣatajārdraṃ jaṭāyuṣam |

abhyadhāvata vaidehī svabandhum iva duḥkhitā ||

Translation

毗提希见阇陀由倒卧地上，伤口流血浸湿羽毛，便悲恸奔向他，仿佛他是自己的至亲。

Word by Word

• तम्: him/that (one)
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) सर्वनाम

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having seen’

• पतितम्: fallen
• पतितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pat (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifies ‘जटायुषम्’

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• क्षतज-आर्द्रम्: drenched with blood
• क्षतज-आर्द्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣataja (प्रातिपदिक) + ārdra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘blood-wet’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; qualifies ‘जटायुषम्’

• जटायुषम्: Jatāyu
• जटायुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaṭāyus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular (proper noun)

• अभ्यधावत: ran towards
• अभ्यधावत: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√dhāv (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada

• वैदेही: Vaidehī (Sītā)
• वैदेही: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaidehī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (proper noun/epithet)

• स्व-बन्धुम्: (her) own kinsman
• स्व-बन्धुम्: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘one’s own relative’; Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• इव: as if/like
• इव: Sambandha/Upamā (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) of comparison

• दुःखिता: grieved
• दुःखिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicate/qualifier of ‘वैदेही’

Context

The mighty, virtuous vulture with his sharp claws wounded many parts of the body of Ravana.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā (Vaidehī)
• Jatāyu

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes gratitude and compassion toward protectors; Sītā responds to sacrifice with immediate care, not indifference.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā sees the near-dead Jatāyu on the ground and rushes to him, overwhelmed with sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Karunā (compassion) and kṛtajñatā (thankful recognition) in Sītā.