Shloka 14

मारीचोपदेश

प्रतिषेधः / Ravana Rejects Maricha’s Counsel and Orders the Golden Deer Deception

Devanagari script

त्वं तु धर्ममविज्ञाय केवलं मोहमास्थितः।अभ्यागतं मां दौरात्म्यात्परुषं वक्तुमिच्छसि।।3.40.14।।

Transliteration

tvaṃ tu dharmam avijñāya kevalaṃ moham āsthitaḥ |

abhyāgataṃ māṃ daurātmyāt paruṣaṃ vaktum icchasi ||

Translation

而你不知达摩，只执迷妄，竟因恶意欲对我这来访之客出以粗言。

Word by Word

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but; indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• dharmam: dharma; duty
• dharmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• avijñāya: not knowing
• avijñāya: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vi + jñā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), negated with a-; 'not having known'

• kevalam: only; merely
• kevalam: Vishesana (विशेषण/degree)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kevala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial use (क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग)

• moham: delusion
• moham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: moha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āsthitaḥ: having resorted to; having taken up
• āsthitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + sthā (धातु)
• Form: Past participle (क्त/कृत्प्रत्यय), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively with tvam

• abhyāgatam: (me) who has come; arrived
• abhyāgatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi + ā + gam (धातु)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies mām: 'one who has come (as guest)'

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• daurātmyāt: from wickedness; out of evil nature
• daurātmyāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daurātmya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• paruṣam: harsh (words)
• paruṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially with vaktum: 'harshly/harsh words'

• vaktum: to speak
• vaktum: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्), purpose/complement of icchasi

• icchasi: you wish
• icchasi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

You do not know your rightful duty.Because of delusion and an evil mind, you want to speak only harsh words to me, a guest who has come to you.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Mārīca

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Atithi-dharma (duty toward a guest) and vāk-dharma (righteous speech): one should not meet a visitor with harshness; dharma requires restraint and propriety.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa accuses Mārīca of speaking disrespectfully despite Rāvaṇa presenting himself as an arriving ‘guest’ seeking assistance.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respectful, dharmic speech—highlighted through Rāvaṇa’s complaint (even as he misuses dharma language).