Shloka 19

अरण्यकाण्डे एकोनत्रिंशः सर्गः

Sarga 29: Rama’s Admonition to Khara and the Shattering of the Mace

Devanagari script

कुलं व्यपदिशन्वीरस्समरे कोऽभिधास्यति।मृत्युकाले हि सम्प्राप्ते स्वयमप्रस्तवे स्तवम्।।।।

Transliteration

kulaṃ vyapadiśan vīraḥ samare ko 'bhidhāsyati | mṛtyukāle hi samprāpte svayam aprastave stavam ||

Translation

当战场上死亡真正临近之时，哪位英雄还会自报门第，徒然自赞而无所当？

Word by Word

• kulam: family, lineage
• kulam: Karma (कर्म) of vyapadiśan/abhidhāsyati
• Type: Noun
• Root: kula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napūṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana

• vyapadiśan: mentioning, naming
• vyapadiśan: Karta (कर्ता) (participle qualifying vīraḥ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-apa-√diś (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: Śatṛ-pratyaya (present active participle), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana; agreeing with vīraḥ

• vīraḥ: hero
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता) of abhidhāsyati
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana

• samare: in battle
• samare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana

• kaḥ: who?
• kaḥ: Karta (कर्ता) of abhidhāsyati (rhetorical)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana; interrogative pronoun

• abhidhāsyati: will speak of, will mention
• abhidhāsyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhi-√dhā (धातु)
• Form: Luṭ-lakāra (Periphrastic Future), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada

• mṛtyukāle: at the time of death
• mṛtyukāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛtyu + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa ‘time of death’

• hi: indeed, for
• hi: Sambandha (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (particle) giving emphasis/causal nuance

• samprāpte: when (it) has arrived
• samprāpte: Sati-saptamī (सति-सप्तमी) / Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√prāp (धातु)
• Form: Kṛdanta: kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; agreeing with mṛtyukāle (locative absolute sense)

• svayam: oneself
• svayam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (reflexive adverb)

• aprastave: at an inopportune time
• aprastave: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-prastava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana; nañ-tatpuruṣa ‘in an improper occasion’

• stavam: praise, eulogy
• stavam: Karma (कर्म) of abhidhāsyati
• Type: Noun
• Root: stava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana

Context

When death comes in a battle no hero will name his race and boast of himself unnessarily.

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Rama
• kula (lineage)
• mṛtyu (death)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Facing mortality with seriousness: dharma in battle is action and steadiness, not vanity or self-celebration.

What is the narrative situation?

As the duel nears its decisive phase, Khara argues that boasting is absurd when death is imminent.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gravitas and focus under threat—treating battle and death with disciplined attention.