Shloka 2

खरसेनासङ्ग्रामः

The Battle with Khara’s Host at the Hermitage

Devanagari script

तं दृष्ट्वा सशरं चापमुद्यम्य खरनिस्स्वनम्।रामस्याभिमुखं सूतं चोद्यतामित्यचोदयत्।।।।

Transliteration

taṃ dṛṣṭvā saśaraṃ cāpam udyamya kharanissvanam |

rāmasyābhimukhaṃ sūtaṃ codyatām ity acodayat ||

Translation

看到罗摩，卡拉举起搭着箭的弓，发出可怕的声响；他面对罗摩，命令车夫：“直接冲向他。”

Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), avyaya; 'having seen'

• saśaram: with an arrow
• saśaram: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ 'with') + śara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); avyayībhāva = 'with an arrow' qualifying cāpam

• cāpam: bow
• cāpam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• udyamya: having raised
• udyamya: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ud-√yam (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), avyaya; 'having lifted/raised'

• khara-nissvanam: (bow) with a terrible sound
• khara-nissvanam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: khara (प्रातिपदिक) + nissvana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying cāpam; 'with harsh/terrible sound'

• rāmasya: of Rama
• rāmasya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• abhimukham: facing (towards him)
• abhimukham: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying sūtam

• sūtam: the charioteer
• sūtam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• codyatām: (they) should be driven
• codyatām: Kriya (क्रिया/quoted command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √cud (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); Passive/Ātmanepada-style command sense: 'let (the horses) be driven'

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-marker (उद्धरण-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• acodayat: ordered/urged
• acodayat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: a-√cud (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada; causative sense 'caused to drive/ordered'

Context

On seeing Rama, Khara held his terribly twanging bow and arrow, stood facing him, and ordered the charioteer to drive towards him.

Characters & Entities

• Khara
• Rāma
• sūta (charioteer)
• bow (cāpa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse contrasts adharma’s aggressive intent with the dharmic necessity of resisting it; unrighteous power initiates violence, compelling righteous defense.

What is the narrative situation?

Khara sights Rama and commands his charioteer to charge, signaling the direct commencement of battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implicitly, Rama’s steadiness is set against Khara’s belligerence; the scene frames the moral conflict before the clash.