Shloka 11

खरसेनासङ्ग्रामः

The Battle with Khara’s Host at the Hermitage

Devanagari script

स तैः परिवृतो घोरैः राघवो रक्षसां गणैः।।।।तिथिष्वि महादेवो वृत परिषदाङ्गणै

Transliteration

sa taiḥ parivṛto ghoraiḥ rāghavo rakṣasāṃ gaṇaiḥ |

tithiṣv i mahādevo vṛtaḥ pariṣad-aṅgaṇaiḥ ||

Translation

被可怖的罗刹群团层层围困，罗伽婆宛如黄昏时的摩诃提婆，周遭簇拥着随从众。

Word by Word

• सः: he/that (Rama)
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• तैः: by those
• तैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Plural

• परिवृतः: surrounded
• परिवृतः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pari + vṛt (धातु)
• Form: Kta-pratyaya (क्त), Past passive participle; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ‘surrounded’

• घोरैः: terrible
• घोरैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; qualifying ‘gaṇaiḥ’

• राघवः: Rāghava (Rama)
• राघवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• रक्षसाम्: of demons
• रक्षसाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th), Plural

• गणैः: by troops
• गणैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural

• तिथिषु: on the lunar days / at the times
• तिथिषु: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th), Plural

• इव: like
• इव: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमा-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-avyaya, comparative particle

• महादेवः: Mahādeva (Śiva)
• महादेवः: Upameya (उपमेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; Karmadhāraya: ‘great god’ (Śiva)

• वृतः: surrounded
• वृतः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛ (धातु)
• Form: Kta (क्त) PPP; Masculine, Nominative, Singular; ‘surrounded’ (elliptic comparison)

• परिषद्-अङ्गणैः: by retinue-groups/attendants
• परिषद्-अङ्गणैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pariṣad (प्रातिपदिक) + aṅgaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Plural; Tatpuruṣa: ‘courtyard/host of the assembly’ i.e., retinue-courts

Context

Surrounded by the terrible demons Rama appeared like Lord Siva at dusk with hosts of his retinues arounds.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (Raghava)
• Rakshasas
• Mahadeva (Shiva)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma elevates rightful force: Rama’s righteous stance is portrayed with divine grandeur, implying that protection of order can be a sacred act.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama is encircled by rakshasa troops; the narration heightens the scene through a Shiva simile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Majesty and fearlessness—Rama remains imposing even when surrounded.