Shloka 10

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

अत्यन्तसुखसञ्चारा मध्याह्ने स्पर्शतस्सुखाः।दिवसास्सुभगादित्याश्चायासलिलदुर्भगाः।।।।

Transliteration

atyanta-sukha-sañcārā madhyāhne sparśataḥ sukhāḥ |

divasāḥ subhagādityāḥ chāyā-salila-durbhagāḥ ||

Translation

白昼变得极宜行走；即便正午，空气触肤也觉舒适。日光和悦，然而在这寒意里，阴影与水却令人不愿亲近。

Word by Word

• अत्यन्त-सुख-सञ्चाराः: very comfortable for moving about
• अत्यन्त-सुख-सञ्चाराः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अत्यन्त (अव्यय) + सुख (प्रातिपदिक) + सञ्चार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (adjectival)

• मध्याह्ने: at noon
• मध्याह्ने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्याह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचनम्; अधिकरणम् (locative of time)

• स्पर्शतः: by touch; as to touch
• स्पर्शतः: Hetu/Prakāra (हेतु/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्पर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययम्; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्तम् (ablatival adverb, 'from/with respect to touch')

• सुखाः: pleasant/comfortable
• सुखाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• दिवसाः: days/daytime
• दिवसाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनम्; कर्तृपदम् (subject)

• सुभग-आदित्याः: having pleasant sun (sunny in a pleasing way)
• सुभग-आदित्याः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुभग (प्रातिपदिक) + आदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (for दिवसाः)

• छाया-सलिल-दुर्भगाः: (days) in which shade and water are unpleasant
• छाया-सलिल-दुर्भगाः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: छाया (प्रातिपदिक) + सलिल (प्रातिपदिक) + दुर्भग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (for दिवसाः); अर्थः: छायायां सलिलं दुर्भगम् (shade-water is unpleasant)

Context

The days are enjoyable at noon as it is pleasant to move about during this time since the sun is not scorching. But the shade and water seem to be unfortunate (as they are not liked by any one.

Characters & Entities

• āditya (sun)
• salila (water)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is attentiveness to reality: the text models careful observation of nature, supporting a life lived thoughtfully and in harmony with one’s environment.

What is the narrative situation?

The poem describes the sensory qualities of the season during Rāma’s forest residence—how midday feels, and how sun, shade, and water are experienced.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a single character trait is foregrounded; rather, the epic’s reflective, contemplative mode is emphasized through precise natural description.