Shloka 16

Kārttika-vrata Discipline: Purity Rules, Morning Bath Saṅkalpa, Tilaka Injunctions, and Food Prohibitions

Devanagari script

ततो विप्रं व्रती भक्त्या पूजयेत्तं यथाविधि । परासनं परान्नं च परशय्यां परांगनाम्

Transliteration

tato vipraṃ vratī bhaktyā pūjayettaṃ yathāvidhi | parāsanaṃ parānnaṃ ca paraśayyāṃ parāṃganām

Translation

其后，持戒的奉献者应以虔敬（bhakti）依正仪礼敬奉那位婆罗门，供以殊胜之座、殊胜之食、殊胜之榻，并以一位贤善女子为配偶或侍奉者。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (Temporal adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Adverb), अनन्तरार्थ (thereafter)

• विप्रम्: a brāhmaṇa
• विप्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• व्रती: the vow-observer
• व्रती: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रतिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• भक्त्या: with devotion
• भक्त्या: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन (Singular)

• पूजयेत्: should worship
• पूजयेत्: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पूज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular), सर्वनाम

• यथाविधि: according to the prescribed rule
• यथाविधि: Kriya-visheshana (Manner adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्यय (Adverb) ‘according to rule’

• परासनम्: a superior seat
• परासनम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + आसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय ‘excellent seat’

• परान्नम्: excellent food
• परान्नम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय ‘excellent food’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Conjunction/समुच्चय)

• परशय्याम्: an excellent bed
• परशय्याम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + शय्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय ‘excellent bed’

• पराङ्गनाम्: an excellent woman (as gift/service)
• पराङ्गनाम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्गना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय ‘excellent woman’

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial/teaching voice within Padma Purāṇa, Brahma-khaṇḍa context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: पूजयेत्तं → पूजयेत् तम्; यथाविधि अव्ययीभाव; पराङ्गनाम् में ‘पर + अङ्गना’ (अ→आ संधि)।

FAQs

What practice is this verse prescribing?

It prescribes honoring a brāhmaṇa by ritual hospitality—devotional worship done properly (yathāvidhi) along with high-quality provisions such as a seat, food, and bedding.

How does this verse relate to Bhakti and dharma?

It frames service and honoring of a worthy guest/brāhmaṇa as an act performed with bhakti (devotion) and regulated by vidhi (proper procedure), integrating devotion with ethical duty.

How should the phrase 'parāṅganām' be understood?

Literally it means 'an excellent woman.' In Purāṇic donation/hospitality idioms it can denote providing appropriate female attendance/companionship as part of royal-style hospitality; interpretation depends on the surrounding passage and traditional commentarial norms.