Shloka 19

Devanagari script

त्रिंशदेनं सहस्राणि रथा: काउ्चनमालिन: । सदश्वैरुपसम्पन्ना: पृष्ठतो5नुययुस्तदा

Transliteration

triṁśad enaṁ sahasrāṇi rathāḥ kāñcanamālinaḥ | sadaśvair upasampannāḥ pṛṣṭhato 'nuyayus tadā ||

Translation

阿周那说道：“当时，三万辆战车，饰以金色花鬘，配备上等良马，紧随其后而行。”

Word by Word

• त्रिंशत्: thirty
• त्रिंशत्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिंशत्
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• सहस्राणि: thousands
• सहस्राणि: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र
• Form: neuter, nominative, plural

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• काञ्चनमालिनः: wearing golden garlands/ornaments
• काञ्चनमालिनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काञ्चनमालिन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• सदश्वैः: with good horses
• सदश्वैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सदश्व
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental, plural

• उपसम्पन्नाः: well-equipped, furnished
• उपसम्पन्नाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-सम्-पद्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• पृष्ठतः: from behind, at the rear
• पृष्ठतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृष्ठतः

• अनु: after, following
• अनु: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• ययुः: went, followed
• ययुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: या
• Form: perfect (liṭ), 3rd, plural

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

Speaker

अर्जुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• chariots (ratha)
• golden garlands/ornaments (kāñcanamālā)
• horses (aśva)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the scale and preparedness of armed force—external power displayed through numbers, equipment, and ornamentation—inviting reflection on how worldly might and royal pomp can rapidly mobilize in pursuit, often intensifying conflict rather than resolving it through restraint.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna describes a large contingent: thirty thousand chariots, richly adorned and well-horsed, moving in pursuit as a rear-following force, indicating a major mobilization and the seriousness of the unfolding confrontation.