Shloka 15
देवविमान-दर्शनम् / The Celestial Assembly and Vimana Spectacle
Bhīṣma–Arjuna Encounter Framed Cosmically
Devanagari script
शत्रोरपि गुणा ग्राह्मा दोषा वाच्या गुरोरपि । सर्वथा सर्वयत्नेन पुत्रे शिष्ये हितं वदेत्
Translation
“即便是敌人的长处也当取法；即便是师长的过失也不必讳言。师者当竭尽诸般努力，只说对儿子与弟子有益之言。”
Word by Word
शत्रोःof an enemy
शत्रोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गुणाःgood qualities/virtues
गुणाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ग्राह्याःshould be accepted/taken
ग्राह्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormGerundive (potential passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (obligation)
दोषाःfaults
दोषाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाच्याःshould be spoken/pointed out
वाच्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormGerundive (potential passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (obligation)
गुरोःof a teacher
गुरोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सर्वथाin every way/always
सर्वथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वथा
सर्वयत्नेनwith every effort
सर्वयत्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वयत्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुत्रेin/with regard to a son
पुत्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शिष्येin/with regard to a disciple
शिष्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हितम्beneficial (thing)/welfare
हितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वदेत्should say/speak
वदेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes