Shloka 4

Devanagari script

तमब्रवीत्‌ प्रहस्येन्द्रो निर्वृत्त: स स्वयंवर: । वृतस्तया नलो राजा पतिरस्मत्समीपत:,तब इन्द्रने हँलँकर कहा--“वह स्वयंवर तो हो गया। हमारे समीप ही दमयन्तीने राजा नलको अपना पति चुन लिया

Transliteration

tam abravīt prahasyendro nirvṛttaḥ sa svayaṃvaraḥ | vṛtā tayā nalo rājā patir asmat-samīpataḥ ||

Translation

因陀罗含笑对他说：“那场自择婚已然结束。就在我们面前，达摩延蒂已选那罗王为夫。”

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• प्रहस्य: having laughed/smiling
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हस्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निर्वृत्तः: completed/finished
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-√वृत्
• Form: Past Passive Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: that/he
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्वयंवरः: the svayaṃvara (bride-choice ceremony)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वयंवर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृतः: chosen
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वरणे)
• Form: Past Passive Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तया: by her
• तया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• नलः: Nala
• Type: Noun
• Root: नल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पतिः: husband
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अस्मत्: of us/our
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Plural

• समीपतः: near/close by
• समीपतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समीप
• Form: Adverb (ablatival -tas)

Speaker

बु॒हदश्व उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Indra
• Nala
• Damayantī
• svayaṃvara

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A properly conducted svayaṃvara culminates in the bride’s decisive choice, which carries social and moral finality; even the presence of divine powers does not negate her agency within dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra, smiling, informs the listener that the svayaṃvara has ended and that Damayantī has publicly chosen King Nala as her husband, right before the assembled beings.