Shloka 21

Mudgalasya Svarga-nirvedaḥ

Mudgala’s Disenchantment with Heaven

Devanagari script

तदनन्तर बन्धनमुक्त हुए दुर्योधनसे भाइयोंसहित युधिष्ठिरने प्रेमपूर्वक यह बात कही --

Transliteration

tadanantaraṁ bandhanamuktaḥ san duryodhanena saha bhrātṛbhiḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ premṇā idaṁ vacanam uvāca —

Translation

随后，杜罗约陀那既已脱离囚缚，坚战与诸弟同在，并当着杜罗约陀那的面，以含蓄而亲厚的语气说了如下之言。

Word by Word

• तदनन्तरम्: thereafter
• तदनन्तरम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् + अनन्तर

• बन्धनमुक्तः: freed from bondage
• बन्धनमुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बन्धन + मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अभवत्: became/was
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Imperfect, 3, Singular

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भ्रातृभिः: with (his) brothers
• भ्रातृभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• सह: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रेमपूर्वकम्: affectionately
• प्रेमपूर्वकम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रेम + पूर्वक

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वाक्यम्: statement/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Duryodhana
• Pāṇḍava brothers

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in conflict, dharma is protected through restraint and benevolent speech. Yudhiṣṭhira’s affectionate address models how a righteous person avoids vindictiveness and seeks to preserve moral order and social dignity.

What is happening in the narrative?

After a situation of captivity ends and Duryodhana is freed, Yudhiṣṭhira, accompanied by his brothers, speaks to him kindly. The verse functions as a narrative transition introducing Yudhiṣṭhira’s forthcoming words.