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Shloka 13

धर्मव्याधोपदेशः

Dharma-vyādha’s Instruction on Śiṣṭācāra and Dharma

जाता हस्वा प्रजा प्रमीयते सदा न वासं पितरो<स्य कुर्वते । भीतं प्रपन्नं यो हि ददाति शत्रवे नास्य देवा: प्रतिगृह्नन्ति हव्यम्‌,जो राजा अपनी शरणमें आये हुए भयभीत प्राणीको उसके शत्रुके हाथमें दे देता है, उसकी पैदा हुई संतान छोटी अवस्थामें ही मर जाती है। उसके पितरोंको कभी पितृलोकमें रहनेके लिये स्थान नहीं मिलता और देवता उसका दिया हुआ हविष्य नहीं ग्रहण करते हैं

jātā hasvā prajā pramīyate sadā na vāsaṃ pitaro 'sya kurvate | bhītaṃ prapannaṃ yo hi dadāti śatrave nāsya devāḥ pratigṛhṇanti havyam ||

马尔坎德耶宣告:“凡国王背弃那惊惧而来求庇护者——将此投诚之人交付于敌——必招致沉重的道德败亡:其子嗣夭折;其祖灵在祖先之界不得安居;甚至诸天也不受他所献的祭供(供酥与供物)。”

जातासुwhen (they are) born / among the born (daughters)
जातासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootजात (√जन्)
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
अस्वाa horse
अस्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्व (aśva)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाoffspring, progeny
प्रजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमीयतेdies, perishes
प्रमीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √मी (मीयते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वासम्dwelling, abode
वासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पितरःthe ancestors (Pitṛs)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अस्यof him, his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अस्मद्-प्रत्ययान्त सर्वनाम-रूप)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कुर्वतेmake, provide
कुर्वते:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
भीतम्frightened
भीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत (√भी)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रपन्नम्one who has sought refuge, surrendered
प्रपन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रपन्न (प्र + √पद्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ददातिgives, hands over
ददाति:
TypeVerb
Root√दा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शत्रवेto an enemy
शत्रवे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof him, his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अस्मद्-प्रत्ययान्त सर्वनाम-रूप)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रतिगृह्णन्तिaccept, receive
प्रतिगृह्णन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + √ग्रह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
हव्यम्oblation, sacrificial offering
हव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
D
devāḥ (gods)
P
pitaraḥ (ancestors)
Ś
śatru (enemy)
B
bhīta-prapanna (frightened refugee/suppliant)
H
havyam (sacrificial oblation)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must protect anyone who has sought refuge in fear; handing such a suppliant over to an enemy is a severe breach of dharma that destroys lineage, dishonors ancestors, and nullifies sacrificial merit.

Mārkaṇḍeya is instructing on ethical kingship (rājadharma), warning that betrayal of a frightened person who has surrendered for protection brings immediate worldly loss (death of young offspring) and spiritual-ritual rejection (ancestors without abode; gods refusing offerings).