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Shloka 6

Aṣṭāvakra–Kahoda Upākhyāna: Śvetaketu’s Āśrama, Sarasvatī, and the Origin of Aṣṭāvakra

यो हि कश्रिद्‌ द्विजान्‌ हन्याद्‌ गां वा लोकस्य मातरम्‌ । शरणागतं च त्यजते तुल्यं तेषां हि पातकम्‌,बाज! देखो तो यह बेचारा कबूतर किस प्रकार भयसे व्याकुल हो थर-थर काँप रहा है। इसने अपने प्राणोंकी रक्षाके लिये ही मेरी शरण ली है। ऐसी दशामें इसे त्याग देना बड़ी ही निन्दाकी बात है। जो मनुष्य ब्राह्मणोंकी हत्या करता है, जो जगन्माता गौका वध करता है तथा जो शरणमें आये हुए को त्याग देता है, इन तीनोंको समान पाप लगता है

yo hi kaścid dvijān hanyād gāṁ vā lokasya mātaram | śaraṇāgataṁ ca tyajate tulyaṁ teṣāṁ hi pātakam, bāja ||

鹰说道:“凡杀害婆罗门者,或屠戮母牛——世间之母者,或弃绝前来投奔求庇护者:其罪皆同。你看这可怜的鸽子如何因恐惧而战栗发抖;它投向我,只为保全性命。在这般境地还将它弃之不顾,实在罪责深重。”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कश्चित्someone/anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजान्Brahmins (lit. twice-born)
द्विजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हन्यात्might kill/should kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
लोकस्यof the world/people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मातरम्mother
मातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शरणागतम्one who has come for refuge
शरणागतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशरणागत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्यजतेabandons/gives up
त्यजते:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
तुल्यम्equal
तुल्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तेषाम्of those (three)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पातकम्sin/offence
पातकम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपातक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk)
D
dvija (Brahmin)
G
gauḥ (cow)
Ś
śaraṇāgata (refuge-seeker/suppliant)
B
bāja (king, addressee)

Educational Q&A

Abandoning a person (or creature) who has sought refuge is presented as a grave adharma, equated in moral weight with killing a Brahmin or slaughtering a cow. The verse elevates the duty of protection (rakṣaṇa) and fidelity to refuge (śaraṇāgata-dharma) as a paramount ethical obligation.

The hawk argues a moral point by comparing sins: it insists that rejecting a refuge-seeker is severely blameworthy. In context, it points to the frightened pigeon that has sought protection, using the pigeon’s fear and dependence to underscore the seriousness of abandoning one who has come for safety.