Shloka 2
Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Inquiry and Sañjaya’s Etymologies of Kṛṣṇa’s Names
Puruṣottama-nāma-nirvacana
Devanagari script
संजय उवाच शृणु राजन न ते विद्या मम विद्या न हीयते । विद्याहीनस्तमो ध्वस्तो नाभिजानाति केशवम्
Translation
萨ंज耶说道：“大王，请听：你未得真知，而我的慧眼未曾衰灭。凡缺乏真知、其智为无明黑暗所摧毁者，便不能了知凯沙瓦（奎师那）的真实本相。”
Word by Word
संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शृणुlisten
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form2nd, Genitive, Singular
विद्याknowledge
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ममmy / of me
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form1st, Genitive, Singular
विद्याknowledge
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
हीयतेdiminishes / is lost
हीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Reflexive (middle usage)
विद्या-हीनःdevoid of knowledge
विद्या-हीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तमःdarkness (ignorance)
तमः:
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ध्वस्तःruined / destroyed
ध्वस्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootध्वस्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अभिजानातिknows / recognizes
अभिजानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
केशवम्Keshava (Krishna)
केशवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes