Shloka 2

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Brahmacarya and the Formless Brahman

Udyoga Parva 44

Devanagari script

एकैकमेते राजेन्द्र मनुष्यान्‌ पर्युपासते । यैराविष्टो नर: पाप॑ मूढसंज्ञो व्यवस्यति

Transliteration

ekaikametē rājendra manuṣyān paryupāsate | yair āviṣṭo naraḥ pāpaṁ mūḍhasaṁjño vyavasyati ||

Translation

大王啊，这些过失会依次一个接一个地缠随于人。人一旦被它们攫住，心智便迷乱，遂决意行作罪业。

Word by Word

• एकैकम्: one by one / each singly
• एकैकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकैक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजेन्द्र: O king of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजेन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मनुष्यान्: men / humans
• मनुष्यान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पर्युपासते: attend upon / beset / wait upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-उप-आस्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• यैः: by which / by whom
• यैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• आविष्टः: possessed / overpowered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-विश्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• नरः: a man
• नरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पापम्: sin / evil (deed)
• पापम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मूढसंज्ञः: one whose understanding is deluded
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मूढसंज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• व्यवस्यति: resolves / undertakes / decides (to do)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-अव-सा
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

सनत्युजात उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanatsujata
• Dhritarashtra (addressed as rājendra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Moral failure is typically progressive: faults approach a person sequentially, and once they take hold, they cloud discernment so that the person deliberately chooses wrongdoing.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanatsujata instructs the king (Dhritarashtra), explaining how successive inner दोष (vices) overtake people and, by deluding the mind, lead them to decide on sinful actions—setting the ethical frame for the king’s predicament.