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Shloka 5

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

गुणोंमें दोष देखना एकदम मृत्युके समान है, निन्दा करना लक्ष्मीका वध है तथा सेवाका अभाव, उतावलापन और आत्मप्रशंसा--ये तीन विद्याके शत्रु हैं ।। आलस्यं मदमोहौ च चापलं गोषछ्िरेव च । स्तब्धता चाभिमानित्वं तथात्यागित्वमेव च । एते वै सप्त दोषा: स्यु: सदा विद्यार्थिनां मता:,आलस्य, मद-मोह, चंचलता, गोष्ठी, उद्ण्डता, अभिमान और स्वार्थत्यागकका अभाव-- ये सात विद्यार्थियों-के लिये सदा ही दोष माने गये हैं

guṇeṣu doṣa-darśanaṃ mṛtyu-samaṃ; nindā lakṣmyā vadhaḥ; sevābhāvaḥ, utāvalāpanam, ātma-praśaṃsā—ete trayo vidyāyāḥ śatravaḥ. ālasyaṃ mada-mohau ca cāpalaṃ goṣṭhī caiva ca; stabdhatā cābhimānitvaṃ tathā atyāgitvam eva ca. ete vai sapta doṣāḥ syuḥ sadā vidyārthināṃ matāḥ.

毗度罗说:“在他人德行中挑剔过失,犹如死亡本身;诽谤中伤,是对富贵的扼杀。学问有三敌:不勤侍奉、不肯聆听,急躁求速,以及自我夸耀。又有七种,常被视为学子之过:懒惰;沉醉与迷妄;心性浮动;无益的聚谈游荡;顽固僵滞;傲慢自负;以及那种抛弃本分职责的‘舍弃’之心。”

आलस्यम्laziness
आलस्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआलस्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मदpride/intoxication (as one of a pair)
मद:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
मोहौdelusion (as one of a pair)
मोहौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चापलम्fickleness/restlessness
चापलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचापल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गोष्ठीsocializing/idle talk (company, gatherings)
गोष्ठी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोष्ठी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्तब्धताstiffness/obstinacy (being unresponsive)
स्तब्धता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तब्धता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिमानित्वम्conceit/self-importance
अभिमानित्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमानित्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अत्यागित्वम्non-renunciation; unwillingness to give up (possessiveness)
अत्यागित्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्यागित्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed (emphatic particle)
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सप्तseven
सप्त:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसप्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दोषाःfaults/defects
दोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःwould be/are (considered to be)
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
विद्यार्थिनाम्of students
विद्यार्थिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्यार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मताःconsidered/held (to be)
मताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
L
Lakshmi

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that learning and prosperity are protected by disciplined conduct: avoid fault-finding and slander, and cultivate humility, service, and steadiness. For students especially, laziness, pride, restlessness, idle gossip, and rash or misplaced ‘renunciation’ undermine true knowledge.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers counsel (nīti) amid the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he emphasizes ethical speech and student-like discipline—principles meant to guide rulers and courtiers as well as learners—warning that destructive habits corrode wisdom and fortune.