Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 45

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

य॑ प्रशंसन्ति कितवा यं॑ प्रशंसन्ति चारणा: । य॑ प्रशंसन्ति बन्धक्यो न स जीवति मानव:,(केवल) जुआरी जिसकी प्रशंसा करते हैं, नर्तक जिसकी प्रशंसाका गान करते हैं और वेश्याएँ जिसकी बड़ाई किया करती हैं, वह मनुष्य जीता ही मुर्देके समान है

yaṁ praśaṁsanti kitavā yaṁ praśaṁsanti cāraṇāḥ | yaṁ praśaṁsanti bandhakyo na sa jīvati mānavaḥ ||

毗度罗说道:“若一个人受赌徒喝彩,受职业歌者与伶人称颂,又被娼妓吹捧,此人并非真正活着;纵然尚在呼吸,也如同早已死去。因为他的生命受恶习与空虚的赞许所支配,而非受达摩与自制所引领。”

येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कितवाःgamblers
कितवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकितव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
चारणाःbards/minstrels
चारणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचारण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येthose (women) who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
बन्धक्यःcourtesans/prostitutes
बन्धक्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबन्धकी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मानवःman/human
मानवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
kitavāḥ (gamblers)
C
cāraṇāḥ (bards/panegyrists)
B
bandhakyaḥ (courtesans)

Educational Q&A

Vidura warns that seeking validation from morally compromised circles—gamblers, hired flatterers, and courtesans—signals a life ruled by indulgence and vanity. Such a person may be alive physically, but is 'as good as dead' ethically, because dharma, restraint, and honorable reputation have been abandoned.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers counsel (nīti) meant to correct destructive tendencies in the Kuru court. This verse is part of his sharp social-ethical critique: he identifies the kind of praise that should alarm a ruler or householder, because it comes from those who profit from another’s weakness.