Shloka 4
हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः
Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace
यश्चाभिजात: प्रकरोत्यकार्य यश्चाबलो बलिना नित्यवैरी । अश्रद्धधानाय च यो ब्रवीति यश्चाकाम्यं कामयते नरेन्द्र
yaścābhijātaḥ prakaroty akāryaṃ yaścābalo balinā nityavairī | aśraddadhānāya ca yo bravīti yaścākāmyaṃ kāmayate narendra ||
毗度罗说：“大王，这些人亦属可责之列，终将被拖向地狱：虽出身高贵却行不当行之事者；虽孱弱却常与强者结怨者；向无信之人施教者；以及贪求不当所求之物——禁戒之物或不相称之物者。此等行径违背礼法与达摩，故招致败亡，而非福祉。”
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Noble birth is meaningless without right conduct; hostility must be proportionate to one’s capacity and guided by prudence; teaching should be offered where there is receptivity and faith; and desire must be restrained from forbidden or unwholesome objects. These are presented as markers of adharma leading to downfall.
In Vidura’s counsel to the king in Udyoga Parva, he enumerates types of people whose actions violate social and moral order. This verse lists four such patterns—misconduct despite good birth, futile enmity despite weakness, advising the faithless, and craving the unfit—as part of a broader warning about the consequences of unrighteous behavior.