Shloka 58

दो ही अपने विपरीत कर्मके कारण शोभा नहीं पाते--अकर्मण्य गृहस्थ और प्रपंचमें लगा हुआ संन्यासी ।। द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ राजन्‌ स्वर्गस्योपरि तिष्ठत: । प्रभुश्च क्षमया युक्तो दरिद्रश्न प्रदानवान्‌,राजन! ये दो प्रकारके पुरुष स्वर्गके भी ऊपर स्थान पाते हैं--शक्तिशाली होनेपर भी क्षमा करनेवाला और निर्धन होनेपर भी दान देनेवाला

dvāv imau puruṣau rājan svargasyōpari tiṣṭhataḥ | prabhuś ca kṣamayā yuktaḥ daridraś ca pradānavān ||

毗度罗说道:大王啊,有两类人能得比天界更高的境地:其一,虽有权势却能以宽恕自持;其二,虽贫困却仍慷慨施与。此教诲赞颂内在的自制——以节制驾驭权力,在匮乏中行布施——为至高的德行。

द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इमौthese two
इमौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पुरुषौmen/persons
पुरुषौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्वर्गस्यof heaven
स्वर्गस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपरिabove
उपरि:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि
तिष्ठतःstand/abide
तिष्ठतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (तिष्ठ)
FormPresent, Third, Dual, Parasmaipada
प्रभुःa powerful man/master
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षमयाwith forgiveness/forbearance
क्षमया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
युक्तःendowed/possessed (of)
युक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त (युज्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दरिद्रःpoor
दरिद्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रदानवान्generous; possessing the habit of giving
प्रदानवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदानवत् (प्रदान + वत्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (Dhritarashtra, addressed as rajan)
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

True greatness is shown not by status but by virtue: the powerful are exalted when they forgive instead of retaliate, and the poor are exalted when they give despite scarcity. These forms of restraint and generosity are said to surpass even heavenly merit.

In Vidura’s counsel to the king in Udyoga Parva, he offers moral instruction (nīti) meant to guide royal conduct and avert ruin: he highlights exemplary types of people whose virtues place them above ordinary rewards, urging the ruler toward patience and ethical governance.