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Shloka 48

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

इदं पुनर्वचन धार्त॑राष्ट्र सुयोधनं संजय श्रावयेथा: । यस्ते शरीरे हृदयं दुनोति काम: कुरूनसपत्नो<नुशिष्याम्‌,संजय! दुर्योधनको तुम मेरी यह बात पुनः सुना देना--“ तुम्हारे शरीरके भीतर मनमें जो यह अभिलाषा उत्पन्न हुई है कि मैं कौरवोंका निष्कण्टक राज्य करूँ, वह तुम्हारे हृदयको पीड़ा-मात्र दे रही है। उसकी सिद्धिका कोई उपाय नहीं है। हम ऐसे पौरुषहीन नहीं हैं कि तुम्हारा यह प्रिय कार्य होने दें। भरतवंशके प्रमुख वीर! तुम इन्द्रप्रस्थपुरी फिर मुझे ही लौटा दो अथवा युद्ध करो”

idaṃ punarvacanaṃ dhārtarāṣṭra suyodhanaṃ saṃjaya śrāvayethāḥ | yas te śarīre hṛdayaṃ dunoti kāmaḥ kurūn asapatno 'nuśiṣyām, saṃjaya |

“三阇耶,把这话再转告给持国之子苏优陀那:‘你心中生起的贪欲——欲无敌而独治俱卢——只会折磨你的心。此愿无由得遂。我们并非缺乏刚毅之人,绝不会让你所爱之事成就。噢,婆罗多族的首勇:将因陀罗普罗萨他归还于我,否则便择战。’”

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
वचनम्speech/words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रO Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्र:
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुयोधनम्Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
सुयोधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुयोधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रावयेथाःyou should cause to hear / recite
श्रावयेथाः:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (णिच्: श्रावय)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwhich/who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
शरीरेin (your) body
शरीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हृदयम्heart/mind
हृदयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुनोतिafflicts/torments
दुनोति:
TypeVerb
Rootदु (दुनोति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कामःdesire
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरून्the Kurus
कुरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
असपत्नःwithout rivals, uncontested
असपत्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसपत्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुशिष्याम्may I rule/govern (after instructing/disciplining)
अनुशिष्याम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + शास् (अनुशिष्य)
FormOptative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana (Suyodhana, Dhārtarāṣṭra)
K
Kurus
B
Bharatas
I
Indraprastha

Educational Q&A

Unrestrained desire for unrivalled power (kāma) becomes self-torment and leads to ruin; righteous kingship requires restraint and fairness. When a just claim is denied, a kṣatriya may issue a final ethical ultimatum: restore what is due or face war.

Yudhiṣṭhira instructs Sañjaya to deliver a firm message to Duryodhana: his ambition to rule the Kurus without rival is impossible to realize without causing conflict; therefore he must return Indraprastha to the Pāṇḍavas, otherwise war will follow.