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Shloka 21

Adhyāya 160: Arjuna’s Envoy-Message—Critique of Borrowed Valor and Pre-dawn Mobilization

प्राच्यै: प्रतीच्यैरथ दाक्षिणात्यै- रुदीच्यकाम्बोजशकै: खशैश्न । शाल्वै: समत्स्यै: कुरुमुख्यदेश्यै- म्लेच्छै: पुलिन्दैद्रविडान्ध्रकाउच्यै:,'जैसे देवता स्वर्गकी रक्षा करते हैं, उसी प्रकार पूर्व, पश्चिम, दक्षिण और उत्तर दिशाओंके नरेश तथा काम्बोज, शक, खश, शाल्व, मत्स्य, कुरु और मध्यप्रदेशके सैनिक एवं म्लेच्छ, पुलिन्द, द्रविड़, आन्ध्र और कांचीदेशीय योद्धा जिस सेनाकी रक्षा करते हैं, जो देवताओंकी सेनाके समान दुर्धर्ष एवं संगठित है, कौरवराजकी उस (समुद्रतुल्य) सेनाको क्या तुम कूपमण्डूककी भाँति अच्छी तरह समझ नहीं पाते?

prācyaiḥ pratīcyair atha dākṣiṇātyair udīcyakāmbojśakaiḥ khaśaiś ca | śālvaiḥ samatsyaiḥ kurumukhyadeśyaiḥ mlecchaiḥ pulindair draviḍāndhrakāñcyaiḥ ||

乌卢迦说道:“那俱卢族的军阵——难以攻破,列阵森严,宛如天神之师——四面皆有东方、西方、南方、北方诸王守护,又有甘波阇、释迦、佉沙、沙尔瓦、摩蹉、俱卢与中土勇士,并兼有弥勒叉、普林陀、达罗毗荼、安陀罗及建支之人同护其侧。你们难道还不明白那如大海般的军势么?却仍执己见,如井底之蛙!”

प्राच्यैःby the eastern (kings/people)
प्राच्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootप्राच्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
प्रतीच्यैःby the western (kings/people)
प्रतीच्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootप्रतीच्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
दाक्षिणात्यैःby the southern (kings/people)
दाक्षिणात्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदाक्षिणात्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उदीच्यby the northern (kings/people)
उदीच्य:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootउदीच्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
काम्बोजैःby the Kambojas
काम्बोजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम्बोज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
शकैःby the Sakas
शकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
खशैःby the Khasas
खशैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootखश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
शाल्वैःby the Salvas
शाल्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समत्स्यैःtogether with the Matsyas
समत्स्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कुरुमुख्यदेश्यैःby those belonging to the chief Kuru region
कुरुमुख्यदेश्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकुरु-मुख्य-देश्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
म्लेच्छैःby the mlecchas (foreigners/barbarians)
म्लेच्छैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootम्लेच्छ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पुलिन्दैःby the Pulindas
पुलिन्दैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुलिन्द
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
द्रविडैःby the Dravidas
द्रविडैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रविड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आन्ध्रकैःby the Andhrakas/Andhras
आन्ध्रकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआन्ध्रक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
औच्यैःby those of the Ouchya/Kanchi region
औच्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootऔच्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

उलूक उवाच

U
Ulūka
K
Kaurava army
K
Kings of the East (Prācya)
K
Kings of the West (Pratīcya)
K
Kings of the South (Dākṣiṇātya)
K
Kings of the North (Udīcya)
K
Kāmboja
Ś
Śaka
K
Khaśa
Ś
Śālva
M
Matsya
K
Kuru
M
Mleccha
P
Pulinda
D
Draviḍa
Ā
Āndhra
K
Kāñcī

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how narrow perspective distorts judgment: Ulūka mocks the opponent as a kūpa-maṇḍūka (‘frog in a well’) for underestimating a vast, well-supported force. Ethically, it warns that pride and limited viewpoint can lead to reckless decisions, especially in matters of war.

Ulūka, speaking for the Kauravas, lists the many regional allies guarding Duryodhana’s army and claims it is as formidable and organized as the gods’ host. The speech functions as intimidation and propaganda, aiming to shake the resolve of the opposing side by emphasizing numbers, breadth of support, and military preparedness.