Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 52

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय १४० (कृष्णेन कर्णं प्रति पाण्डवबल-वैशिष्ट्यप्रदर्शनम्) / Udyoga Parva, Chapter 140

Krishna’s appraisal of Pandava advantage and war portents

केशव! जिनके पति, पुत्र और संरक्षक मार दिये गये होंगे, वे धृतराष्ट्रके पुत्रों और पौत्रोंकी बहुएँ जब गान्धारीके साथ एकत्र होकर कुत्तों, गीधों और कुरर पक्षियोंसे भरे हुए समरांगणमें रोती हुई विचरेंगी, जनार्दन! वही उस यज्ञका अवभृथस्नान होगा ।। विद्यावृद्धा वयोवृद्धा: क्षत्रिया: क्षत्रियर्षभ । वृथा मृत्युं न कुर्वीरिस्त्वत्कृते मधुसूदन,क्षत्रियशिरोमणि मधुसूदन! तुम्हारे इस शान्ति-स्थापनके प्रयत्नसे कहीं ऐसा न हो कि विद्यावृद्ध और वयोवृद्ध क्षत्रियगण व्यर्थ मृत्युको प्राप्त हों (युद्धमें शस्त्रोंसे होनेवाली मृत्युसे वंचित रह जायाँ)

Keśava! yeṣāṁ patayaḥ putrāś ca pālakāś ca hata-bhaviṣyanti, tā dhṛtarāṣṭra-putra-pautrāṇāṁ snuṣāḥ gāndhāryā sahaikatrībhūya śva-gṛdhra-kurara-saṅkīrṇe samara-aṅgaṇe rudantyo vicarantyaḥ, Janārdana, tad eva tasya yajñasya avabhṛtha-snānaṁ bhaviṣyati. Vidyā-vṛddhā vayaḥ-vṛddhāḥ kṣatriyāḥ kṣatriyarṣabha; vṛthā mṛtyuṁ na kurvīriḥ tvat-kṛte, Madhusūdana.

羯舍婆啊!当那些妇人的丈夫、儿子与护卫都已被杀,持国之子与孙的诸位儿媳将与甘达丽聚在一处,在满布犬群、秃鹫与库罗罗鸟的战场上哭泣徘徊。阇那尔达那啊——这才正是那场祭祀的“终末净浴”(阿婆婆利他,avabhṛtha)。噢,刹帝利中的雄牛,摩度苏陀那!莫让学识深厚、年岁已高的刹帝利因你而遭受徒然之死;莫使你建立和平的努力,反倒令武士们失去他们自认应当在战阵中获得的死法。

विद्या-वृद्धाःthose advanced in learning
विद्या-वृद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्यावृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वयः-वृद्धाःthose advanced in age
वयः-वृद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवयोवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas, warriors
क्षत्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षत्रिय-ऋषभO bull among Kshatriyas
क्षत्रिय-ऋषभ:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रियर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वृथाin vain, fruitlessly
वृथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवृथा
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वीरिyou (all) should do / make
कुर्वीरि:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormImperative (Vidhi-lin), 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada
त्वत्-कृतेfor your sake / on account of you
त्वत्-कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वत्कृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मधुसूदनO slayer of Madhu (Krishna)
मधुसूदन:
TypeNoun
Rootमधुसूदन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
K
Kṛṣṇa (Keśava, Janārdana, Madhusūdana)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
G
Gāndhārī
K
Kauravas (sons and grandsons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
D
daughters-in-law (snuṣāḥ)
B
battlefield (samara-aṅgaṇa)
D
dogs
V
vultures
K
kurara birds
A
avabhṛtha bath
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns that political ‘peace-making’ which ignores entrenched injustice can still culminate in catastrophic war; it frames the moral cost vividly—women’s grief amid carrion on the battlefield—and questions whether delaying or mishandling the crisis causes honorable warriors (especially learned and elderly kṣatriyas) to meet a pointless end rather than a meaningful, dharma-consistent outcome.

Karna addresses Kṛṣṇa during the Udyoga Parva context of negotiations and impending war. He predicts the horrific aftermath if the Kaurava conflict proceeds—Gāndhārī and the Kaurava daughters-in-law roaming and weeping on a corpse-strewn field—and uses a sacrificial metaphor (avabhṛtha-snāna) to underscore the grim ‘conclusion’ of the war-sacrifice, while cautioning Kṛṣṇa that his peace efforts should not inadvertently lead to a futile loss of kṣatriya lives.