Shloka 50

उद्योगपर्व (अध्याय १२९) — केशवस्य वैभवप्रदर्शनम् / Krishna’s Theophanic Display in the Kuru Assembly

Devanagari script

एकार्णवे च स्वपता निहतौ मधुकैटभौ । जन्मान्तरमुपागम्य हयग्रीवस्तथा हत:

Transliteration

ekārṇave ca svapatā nihatāu madhukaiṭabhau | janmāntaram upāgamya hayagrīvas tathā hataḥ ||

Translation

维杜罗说：“即便在那唯一的宇宙大海中，当主神安卧于瑜伽之眠时，摩度与凯塔婆亦被诛灭；后来主神再受一生，海耶格里瓦也同样被杀。”其意在于：再强大的存在，纵因权势或机缘而崛起，一旦违逆神圣秩序，终难免覆亡；无达摩之力，不能保有长久的胜利。

Word by Word

• एक: in one
• एक: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• अर्णवे: ocean
• अर्णवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्णव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• स्वपता: while sleeping / by (him) sleeping
• स्वपता: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वप्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• निहतौ: were slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• मधु: Madhu (name)
• मधु: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• कैटभौ: Kaiṭabha (name)
• कैटभौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैटभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• जन्म: birth
• जन्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अन्तरम्: another (interval/one) (i.e., another birth)
• अन्तरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपागम्य: having attained/entered
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-गम्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage), true

• हयग्रीवः: Hayagrīva
• हयग्रीवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हयग्रीव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• हतः: was slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• Madhu
• Kaiṭabha
• Hayagrīva
• Ekārṇava (the single cosmic ocean)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura uses mythic examples to show that adharma and arrogance are ultimately self-defeating: even powerful adversaries are destroyed when they stand against the sustaining order (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vidura cites two well-known demon figures—Madhu-Kaiṭabha and Hayagrīva—saying they were slain even under extraordinary circumstances, to warn that power and advantage do not protect those who act against righteousness.