Shloka 48

Mantri-Parīkṣā — Testing Ministers, Securing Counsel, and Ethical Criteria for Advisers (अध्याय ८४)

Devanagari script

स्वासु प्रकृतिषुच्छिद्रं लक्षयेरन्‌ परस्य च । मन्त्रिणां मन्त्रमूलं हि राज्ञो राष्ट्र विवर्धते

Transliteration

svāsu prakṛtiṣu cchidraṃ lakṣayeran parasya ca | mantriṇāṃ mantramūlaṃ hi rājño rāṣṭraṃ vivardhate ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“王之大臣当警醒察看：在己方诸部与民众之中有何缺失与脆弱处，在敌方之中亦有何破绽。因为国土之增长与昌盛，根本在于谋议；大臣之商榷与善策，正是王国进展所凭之基。”

Word by Word

• {'svāsu': 'in one’s own

• among one’s own side', 'prakṛtiṣu': 'in the prakṛtis

• the constituent elements of a state (e.g., ministers, treasury, army, allies, territory/subjects)', 'cchidram': 'a flaw, weakness, vulnerability, breach', 'lakṣayeran': 'they should observe/mark, keep under notice', 'parasya': 'of the other

• of the enemy/opponent', 'ca': 'and', 'mantriṇām': 'of ministers

• counsellors', 'mantra': 'counsel, deliberation, strategic advice', 'mūlam': 'root, foundation', 'hi': 'indeed, for', 'rājñaḥ': 'of the king', 'rāṣṭram': 'kingdom, realm, state', 'vivardhate': 'grows, flourishes, increases'}

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā)
• ministers (mantriṇaḥ)
• kingdom/state (rāṣṭra)
• enemy/opponent (para)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A kingdom’s strength depends on intelligent counsel: ministers must continuously identify vulnerabilities in the state’s own constituents and in the enemy, because wise deliberation is the root from which the realm’s prosperity grows.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is advising the king on governance, emphasizing the strategic and ethical necessity of ministerial vigilance and sound counsel as the basis of state stability and growth.