Shloka 15
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
(विद्वांस:क्षत्रिया वैश्या ब्राह्मणाश्व बहुश्रुता: । दण्डनीतौ तु निष्पन्ना मन्त्रिण: पृथिवीपते ।।
bhīṣma uvāca |
vidvāṃsaḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyā brāhmaṇāś ca bahuśrutāḥ |
daṇḍanītau tu niṣpannā mantriṇaḥ pṛthivīpate ||
praṣṭavyo brāhmaṇaḥ pūrvaṃ nītiśāstrasya tattvavit |
paścāt pṛcchet bhūpālaḥ kṣatriyaṃ nītikovidam ||
vaiśyaśūdrāv tathā bhūyaḥ śāstrajñau hitakāriṇau |
ajñāyamāne hīnatve sandhiṃ kuryāt pareṇa vai |
lipsur vā kañcid evārthaṃ tvaramāṇo vicakṣaṇaḥ ||
毗湿摩说道：“大地之主啊，博学多闻的刹帝利、吠舍与婆罗门，若精通檀陀尼提（daṇḍanīti：刑政与治国之学），当擢为大臣。国王首先应向洞悉政治伦理要义的婆罗门请教；继而再问通晓国策的刹帝利；随后又当听取明白实务教法、尽心为王谋利的吠舍与首陀罗之言。并且，在自身弱势尚未为敌所知之前，确应与敌缔结和约；若凭此和约可达成某一目的，智王当迅速行事，不可迟疑。”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A ruler should build a competent council drawn from multiple social groups, prioritizing principled ethical insight (Brahmin), then strategic-political expertise (Kshatriya), and then practical welfare-oriented counsel (Vaishya and Shudra). In diplomacy, prudence requires making peace or alliance before one’s weakness becomes visible, especially when it secures a concrete objective.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira principles of governance: how to select and consult ministers in an ordered way, and how to act swiftly in forming treaties with opponents when strategic conditions demand it.