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Shloka 1

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका १ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ६२ “लोक हैं।) भीकम (2 अमान एकोनसप्ततितमो<ध्याय: राजाके प्रधान कर्तव्योंका तथा दण्डनीतिके द्वारा युगोंके निर्माणका वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच पार्थिवेन विशेषेण कि कार्यमवशिष्यते । कथं रक्ष्यो जनपद: कथं जेयाश्लू शत्रव:

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | pārthivena viśeṣeṇa kiṁ kāryam avaśiṣyate | kathaṁ rakṣyo janapadaḥ kathaṁ jeyāś ca śatravaḥ ||

由提湿陀罗说道:“祖父啊,君王还有什么特别的职责尚待履行?应当如何守护国土与诸村落,又当以何种手段战胜仇敌?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवेनby the king
पार्थिवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विशेषेणespecially; in particular
विशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्duty; task to be done
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अवशिष्यतेremains
अवशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootशिष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
रक्ष्यःto be protected
रक्ष्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्ष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनपदःkingdom; realm; country
जनपदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
जेयाःto be conquered
जेयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (implied by address “Grandfather”)
J
janapada (the realm/territory)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames rājadharma as a moral and practical responsibility: a king must prioritize the protection of the janapada (people and territory) and employ disciplined policy (daṇḍanīti) to restrain threats and secure peace.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira continues his inquiry into kingship. Addressing Bhīṣma as ‘Grandfather,’ he asks for concrete guidance on what remains essential for a ruler—how to safeguard the realm and how to prevail over enemies.