Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

Kṣātra-dharma as the Public Foundation of Dharma (क्षात्रधर्म-प्रशंसा)

यथा जीवा: प्राकृतैर्वध्यमाना धर्मश्रुतानामुपपीडनाय । एवं धर्मा राजधर्मरवियुक्ता: संचिन्वन्तो नाद्वियन्ते स्वधर्मम्‌,व्याध आदि नीच प्रकृतिके मनुष्योंद्वारा मारे जाते हुए पशु-पक्षी आदि जीव जिस प्रकार घातकके धर्मका विनाश करनेवाले होते हैं, उसी प्रकार धर्मात्मा पुरुष यदि राजधर्मसे रहित हो जायाँ तो धर्मका अनुसंधान करते हुए भी वे चोर-डाकुओंके उत्पातसे स्वधर्मके प्रति आदरका भाव नहीं रख पाते हैं और इस प्रकार जगत्‌की हानिमें कारण बन जाते हैं (अत: राजधर्म सबसे श्रेष्ठ है)

yathā jīvāḥ prākṛtair vadhyamānā dharmaśrutānām upapīḍanāya | evaṃ dharmā rājadharmaraviyuktāḥ saṃcinvanto nādviyante svadharmam ||

毗湿摩说道:“正如诸生灵——兽与鸟——被卑劣之人所杀时,那杀戮反而在某种意义上成为毁坏凶手正行与神圣声誉之因;同样,诸般修持之法若离开王法(rājadharma),便不能护持各自之达摩。纵使人们努力搜集并奉行达摩,一旦遭盗贼与暴徒侵扰,便难以坚守对本分之敬畏;于是乱象蔓延,世间受害。故王法为最上。”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
जीवाःliving beings
जीवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राकृतैःby base/natural (uncultured) ones
प्राकृतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
वध्यमानाःbeing killed/slaughtered
वध्यमानाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्यमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मश्रुतानाम्of those learned in dharma
धर्मश्रुतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मश्रुत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
उपपीडनायfor oppression/harassment
उपपीडनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootउपपीडन
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
एवम्thus/in the same way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
धर्माःdharmas / righteous practices
धर्माः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजधर्मवियुक्ताःdevoid of kingly duty/governance
राजधर्मवियुक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootराजधर्मवियुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संचिन्वन्तःaccumulating/collecting (practising, pursuing)
संचिन्वन्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंचिन्वत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आद्रियन्तेthey respect/hold in regard
आद्रियन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + √दृ (आदर)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
स्वधर्मम्one's own duty
स्वधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Dharma cannot be effectively preserved by private virtue alone; it requires rājadharma—just governance that restrains criminals and protects the vulnerable. Without political order, even well-intentioned people lose the practical ability and confidence to live by svadharma, and society declines.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira that the king’s protective duty is foundational. He uses an analogy: when base men kill creatures, it signals moral collapse; similarly, when governance fails, thieves and violent men disrupt life so that dharma cannot be sustained, leading to harm for the world.